INTRODUCTION TO LITERARY STUDIES
“ FLAGS OF OUR FATHER “
A. CHARACTER
a. Main Characters :
- John ‘Doc’ Bradley
- Ira Hayes
- Rene Gagnon
b. Additional Character
- Ralph ‘Iggy’ Ignatowsky
- Mike Strank
- Henry ‘Hank’ Hansken
- Harlon Block
- Keyes
- Belle (Hank’s Mother)
- Doc’s Son
- Ministry of Finance
- Harlon’s Mother
B. CHARCTERIZATION
- John ‘Doc’ Bradley : helpful, kind, honest, patriotic,
dicipline,solidary, patient
- Ira Hayes : Indian man, silent, very solidary patriotic, honest, emotional
- Rene Gagnon : snob, bossy, wanted popularity only, not solidary
- Doc’s Son : obey, love his father
- Ralph ‘Iggy’ Ignatowsky : Doc’s best friend, solidary,
- Mike Strank : best soldier according to Ira
C. CONFLICT
- Beginning
Someday, Mr. Bradley (Doc), was ill and called someone’s name. It made his son wanted to know who was him and who was the person he called was.
War in Iwo Jima make a tight relationship between soldiers. At first, they were glad to go battling, before they knew how was the real battle. All of they are full of spirit. They believe that they would win the war.
Before went to Iwo Jima, Captain explain all of the srategy, and said that there would not anyone be left in the battle. But on the way to Iwo Jima, there was a soldier who fell from the ship, ship didn’t stop and he left away. Doc and friends start worried and realized that this was the begining of the war. If they cannot keep their soul, no one would keep their life, because everyone kept their own soul. They also realized that only close relationship feeling that could save their life from cruelty of war. That’s why their relationship have to be closer and closer. A night before war, they support theirselves by praying, singing, etc.
At the war, they were battling courageously although many soldiers dead by shots, mortirs, etc.
- Peak
One day in Iwo Jima, US army plant the flag in Suribachi mount. After that, the flag changed by another group instructed by the Captain, and two person else took picture of that moment. The picture spread out in America. People think that US won the war in Iwo Jima, and soldiers in the picture was heroes. 3 soldiers; Doc, Ira, Rene, were sent back to America to campaign and all people welcome them as heroes. For Rene it was interesting, but different with Ira and Doc. Ira always remember their friend who have died. He felt sad when he remembered all of them and imagine that all of them were with him and Doc. Ira could not bear his sadness and often make problem with police. He also hate Rene very much because Rene has never been battling in that war. But Rene always act like have battled, speech confidently, and popularity came to him. It was not fair for the real soldiers like Iggy, Mike, Hank, Harlon, and others who died in Iwo Jima.
- Ending
War had ended. Finally, Ira returned home and spend his life with Pimanese. While Doc, Rene, and Keyes spend the tour. Doc, Ira, and Rene try to life normally like other people. They avoided to interview by press. Doc lived with their big family, worked by managed a bussiness in sorrow house. Ira lived poorly, even jailed, worked as farmer, and died tragically in his farm. And Rene lived happily with his beautiful wife, even worked in factory and cleaning service. And finally, Doc died in hospital.
D. POINT OF VIEW
Being soldier is not easy to do, actually. It needs braviour, solidarity, and patriotism. If I were Doc, I will do what Doc do also. Nurse my injured friends, battling with all of my spirit for my country. But I will tell the truth, the real story about that photograph. Although it will be ashamed, but it will be better, because we do not have to lie people. The real hero will be known, and we do not have to act like a hero but actually we are not. Just like wear someone else name. We reach popularity, but it should not be our own.
Rene Gagnon, was a bad soldier according to me. he became a soldier because he like the uniform and popularity. His words and his braviour was not same. He just could said something that he could not do actually. He also ever gossip about Doc to others. He said something which can harmed his friends, or made his friend suffer, without any guilty to do that. He did everything to made his life happy, whatever that was. He had no solidarity to his friends. He was selfish guy. He was not a good sample for us.
At ceremony planting the flag at that night, actually, I agree with Ira, but I think it is too rude. He was not able to bear his sadness if he remembered them. Actually Doc was the same, but it have to do. If we are disagree about instruction that instructed to us, we have to make our oppinion can be received well by everyone by a true way, or share it with someone. But as soldier, we have to be proffessional. I think Ira did not have that. He have to separate between task and private feeling, do not mix it together.
The secret of the picture do not have to hide all the time. Yes, maybe it used to sell portion, but it make many people desperate. They are Hank’s and Harlon's family. So far it hidden, if it is known by people someday, it will make a new problem.
It was very hard to be a soldier. It needs spirit, much energies, braveries, and sincerity to leave family. Actually I’m proud of soldiers, who can bear all of desperating feelings. But this film was so touchy according to me. In war, to die is very easy and we will not know when it will come. We can imagine that it’s so painful to feel the bullet in their body, injured by simple tools like scissor and there was not modern tools to care it.
About the way of battling, I think it was good enough. Their dicipline, and solidarity between them was very close and it should be a good sample for us. The srategy also better than Japanese.
E. MORAL VALUE
This about patriotism. As a good citizen, all of my life is for our country, more over as soldier in battle zone. No give up to the enemy, it’s better to die. The real soldier never raise the white flag. They will battling until die. Patriotism must be planted in our soul since we are child. So, when we are adult, our love for our country will bigger and bigger.
Being hero is not hoping any reward. We do it because we need to do that. Hero do not hope popularity, money, or praise.
Cooperative between one to another in war is very important. Without it, it will be difficult to reach victory. Like what was happened in this film, between Doc, Ira, Mike, Iggy, Hank, Harlon, and others is very close just like family. It was a good sample for us.
To perform task, it need totality and proffessionality. Although we was sad, but we must forget it during perform the task. The task will not done well or even fail if we do not do it professionally.
The way of respect heroes is to respect their family, and remembering their name and their good turn everytime along our lifetime. Not only when they are exist and popular, but also when they are not exist anymore, forever.
Being parent or family of the soldier need sincerity. They have to support their son’s aspiration. Sometimes there are some parents who do not agree with their son’s aspiration , and they do not allowed them to go battling. It will make their son desperate and live unhappily. Maybe it is very hard to sincere their son being a soldier, but maybe their permittion will make their son be a tough soldier. Death and life has managed by God. We do not know God’s plan for our life. It depends on fortune and our struggle also. So, we do not forget to always pray everytime and when starting work.
F. SUMMARY
Mr. John ‘Doc’ Bradley, have a bad dream about war in Iwo Jima at a night. His son, who have saved him, wanted to know about who Mr. Bradley was, and how the war was. He asked a friend of Mr. Bradley who knew the war. It wa Mr Keyes, Mr. Bradley’s sersan, and one of Mr. Bradley’s friend.
It started in December 1944, in Camp Tarawa, Japan. US soldiers would attack Iwo Jima island. They were full of spirit to wage war. It was a pride to them to become a soldier. Actually, they were frightened to do it, but they made theirself brave and forget all of that fearness by listening to the music, praying, and so on. The Captain also gave advices, strategies, and promises before go to Iwo Jima island. Soldier did not allowed to wave white flag if they are frightened except instructed by their top leader.
They went to Iwo Jima by war-ship and would attack Suribachi mount, a part of Iwo Jima island. In the way to went there, a soldier fell from the ship and swam in the sea. The others wanted to help him but the ship did not stop to wait him. Other soldiers become realize that the Leader their promise to not left anyone at every condition. At that time they have to prepare theirself for the real war.
Bomber war started bomb the island, and when the island looked clear from the enemy, soldier run down to attack. They were start walking to check the island, but suddenly there were shoots from caves that hidden underground. The enemy hide there, but it difficult to find it to shoots. Bombs come from holes and many soldiers died. The war was not as easy as they imagine before. It was very dangerous and they have to careful for everything. Bomb can fall to place where they standing and shoots came from everywhere.
In the camp, Rene Gagnon (Rene) said to Ira Hayes that Ira plant the flag in Iwo Jima also. But Ira did not like to be published that he was on the picture planting the flag. He wanted to stay at Iwo Jima with his unit. Picture of planting the flag in Iwo Jima had published in America. People thought that US army had won the war, but actually it was not. After the picture published, a half of soldiers in that picture died. It just a picture which was taken at break time. Soldiers who was exist in that picture was sent back to America. It was Rene willing to be sent back home. Doc, Ira, and Rene welcomed as heroes. People did not know that the picture was taken in fifth day in war, there was 35 days left. And there was a controverse about Hank or Harlon who was exist in that picture. The picture was used to campaign and sent the portion to American citizen. That portion was used to pay the war needs. Ministry of Finance did not care about the real story about it. He just wanted to get much portion from it.
Actually Ira did not wanted to be there. He wanted Hank, Mike, Franklin, and others be there, not him. He thought that it was not fair. More over for Rene who never battling, but he always made problem with his words and they often fighting.
After welcomed by Ministries, Precident, and all of people, they live normally. Although sometimes still searched by press, but they avoid them. Ira lived poorly. Being hero just after he arrived but so far his life was not like a hero. After sent back home, he often did criminality, desperated, drunk, and even jailed. Doc married and lived happily. And so were Rene and his wife. Ira died in his farm, suspected to be overheated, but not otopted.
That’s all the story from Doc’s friend and his ex sersan to Doc’s son. After apologized to his son and tell a little about the war, Doc’s blew his last breath in the hospital, and remenbered when he swam at the beach after war.
Kamis, 31 Maret 2011
Selasa, 29 Maret 2011
KINDS OF POETRY
KINDS OF POETRY
There are four kinds of poetry, they are:
1. Narrative Poems
Narrative poem is a poem whose details are organized chronologically has a narrative progression.
Such a poem tells a story and it may have some of the features of a story. In other words, it may have a rising action in which a conflict develops, a climax in which the conflict takes a turn, and a falling action in which the conflict reaches a conclusion.
The most obvious examples of narrative progression occur in folk or popular ballads.
Ballad Poem is a poem that tells a story similar to a folk tale or legend and often has a repeated refrain.
A ballad is often about love and often sung. A ballad is a story in poetic form. A collection of 305 ballads from England and Scotland, and their American variants, were collected by Francis James Child in the late 19th century - an example is shown below.
Example of Ballad Poems:
The Mermaid
by
Unknown author
Oh the ocean waves may roll,
And the stormy winds may blow,
While we poor sailors go skipping aloft
And the land lubbers lay down below, below, below
And the land lubbers lay down below.
2. Expository Poems
Expository poem is any arrangement by means of which a poet exposes his ideas and feelings.
One kind of expository progression is a movement from ignorance at the beginning of the poem to knowledge at the end. If a poem expresses a feeling, that feeling will be less vague at the end; if it describes a scene, the scene will be more vivid in the reader’s mind.
The most obvious examples of expository progression occur in Lyric, Ode and Elegy.
Lyric poem is a poem that expresses the thoughts and feelings of the poet.
Example of Lyric Poetry:
Dying
(aka I heard a fly buzz when I died)
by
Emily Dickinson
I heard a fly buzz when I died;
The stillness round my form
Was like the stillness in the air
Between the heaves of storm.
Ode poem is a lengthy lyric poem typically of a serious or meditative nature and having an elevated style and formal stanza structure.
Example of an Ode:
Ode To A Nightingale
by
John Keats
My heart aches, and a drowsy numbness pains
My sense, as though of hemlock I had drunk,
Or emptied some dull opiate to the drains
One minute past, and Lethe-wards had sunk:
Elegy poem is a sad and thoughtful poem about the death of an individual.
Example of Elegy:
Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard
by
Thomas Gray
The curfew tolls the knell of parting day,
The lowing herd winds slowly o'er the lea,
The ploughman homeward plods his weary way,
And leaves the world to darkness and to me.
3. Descriptive Poems
Descriptive poem is a poem presented in an arrangement of pictorial details or images.
In such poems that poet presents as accurately as possible the impressions received through the senses.
Example of descriptive poem
Oscar Wilde
SYMPHONY IN YELLOW
An omnibus across the bridge
Crawls like a yellow butterfly,
And, here and there, a passer-by
Shows like a little restless midge.
Big barges full of yellow hay
Are moved against the shadowy wharf,
And, like a yellow silken scarf,
The thick fog hangs along the quay.
The yellow leaves begin to fade
And further from the Temple elms,
And at my feet the pale green Thames
Lies like a rod of rippled jade.
4. Argumentative Poems
Argumentative poem is when a poet presents a proposition and then gives reasons to defend it.
The most obvious examples of argumentative progression occur in sonnet.
Sonnet poem are:
English (or Shakespearean) sonnets are lyric poems that are 14 lines long falling into three coordinate quatrains and a concluding couplet.
Italian (or Petrarchan) sonnets are divided into two quatrains and a six-line sestet.
Example of Sonnets:
O thou my lovely boy
by
William Shakespeare
O thou, my lovely boy, who in thy power
Dost hold Time's fickle glass his fickle hour;
Who hast by waning grown, and therein show'st
Thy lovers withering, as thy sweet self grow'st.
There are four kinds of poetry, they are:
1. Narrative Poems
Narrative poem is a poem whose details are organized chronologically has a narrative progression.
Such a poem tells a story and it may have some of the features of a story. In other words, it may have a rising action in which a conflict develops, a climax in which the conflict takes a turn, and a falling action in which the conflict reaches a conclusion.
The most obvious examples of narrative progression occur in folk or popular ballads.
Ballad Poem is a poem that tells a story similar to a folk tale or legend and often has a repeated refrain.
A ballad is often about love and often sung. A ballad is a story in poetic form. A collection of 305 ballads from England and Scotland, and their American variants, were collected by Francis James Child in the late 19th century - an example is shown below.
Example of Ballad Poems:
The Mermaid
by
Unknown author
Oh the ocean waves may roll,
And the stormy winds may blow,
While we poor sailors go skipping aloft
And the land lubbers lay down below, below, below
And the land lubbers lay down below.
2. Expository Poems
Expository poem is any arrangement by means of which a poet exposes his ideas and feelings.
One kind of expository progression is a movement from ignorance at the beginning of the poem to knowledge at the end. If a poem expresses a feeling, that feeling will be less vague at the end; if it describes a scene, the scene will be more vivid in the reader’s mind.
The most obvious examples of expository progression occur in Lyric, Ode and Elegy.
Lyric poem is a poem that expresses the thoughts and feelings of the poet.
Example of Lyric Poetry:
Dying
(aka I heard a fly buzz when I died)
by
Emily Dickinson
I heard a fly buzz when I died;
The stillness round my form
Was like the stillness in the air
Between the heaves of storm.
Ode poem is a lengthy lyric poem typically of a serious or meditative nature and having an elevated style and formal stanza structure.
Example of an Ode:
Ode To A Nightingale
by
John Keats
My heart aches, and a drowsy numbness pains
My sense, as though of hemlock I had drunk,
Or emptied some dull opiate to the drains
One minute past, and Lethe-wards had sunk:
Elegy poem is a sad and thoughtful poem about the death of an individual.
Example of Elegy:
Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard
by
Thomas Gray
The curfew tolls the knell of parting day,
The lowing herd winds slowly o'er the lea,
The ploughman homeward plods his weary way,
And leaves the world to darkness and to me.
3. Descriptive Poems
Descriptive poem is a poem presented in an arrangement of pictorial details or images.
In such poems that poet presents as accurately as possible the impressions received through the senses.
Example of descriptive poem
Oscar Wilde
SYMPHONY IN YELLOW
An omnibus across the bridge
Crawls like a yellow butterfly,
And, here and there, a passer-by
Shows like a little restless midge.
Big barges full of yellow hay
Are moved against the shadowy wharf,
And, like a yellow silken scarf,
The thick fog hangs along the quay.
The yellow leaves begin to fade
And further from the Temple elms,
And at my feet the pale green Thames
Lies like a rod of rippled jade.
4. Argumentative Poems
Argumentative poem is when a poet presents a proposition and then gives reasons to defend it.
The most obvious examples of argumentative progression occur in sonnet.
Sonnet poem are:
English (or Shakespearean) sonnets are lyric poems that are 14 lines long falling into three coordinate quatrains and a concluding couplet.
Italian (or Petrarchan) sonnets are divided into two quatrains and a six-line sestet.
Example of Sonnets:
O thou my lovely boy
by
William Shakespeare
O thou, my lovely boy, who in thy power
Dost hold Time's fickle glass his fickle hour;
Who hast by waning grown, and therein show'st
Thy lovers withering, as thy sweet self grow'st.
Senin, 28 Maret 2011
the saltwater room - owl city
opened my eyes last night and saw you in the low light
Walking down by the bay, on the shore,
Staring up at the planes that aren’t there anymore
I was feeling the night grow old and you were looking so cold
Like an introvert,
I drew my over shirt, around my arms and began to shiver violently
Before you happened to look and see the tunnels all around me
Running into the dark, underground
All the subways around create a great sound
To my motion fatigue, farewell
With your ear to a seashell
You can hear the waves in underwater caves
As if you actually were inside a saltwater room
Chorus:
Girl: (Time together is just never quite enough)
Boy: When you and I are alone, I’ve never felt so at home
Girl: (What will it take to make or break this hint of love?)
Both: We need time, only time
Girl: (When we’re apart whatever are you thinking of?)
Boy: If this is what I call home, why does it feel so alone
Girl: (So tell me darling do you wish we’d fall in love?)
Both: All the time, all the time.
Can you believe that the crew has gone, and wouldn’t let me sign on?
All my islands have sunk in the deep,
So I can hardly relax or even oversleep
I feel as if I were home, some nights, when we count all the ship lights
I guess I’ll never know why sparrows love the snow
We’ll turn off all of the lights and set this ballroom aglow
(So tell me darling do you wish we’d fall in love)
(All the time)
Chorus:
Girl: (Time together is just never quite enough)
Boy: When you and I are alone, I’ve never felt so at home
Girl: (What will it take to make or break this hint of love?)
Both: We need time, only time
Girl: (When we’re apart whatever are you thinking of?)
Boy: If this is what I call home, why does it feel so alone?
Girl: (So tell me darling, do you wish we’d fall in love?)
Both: All the time, all the time
Girl: (Time together is just never quite enough)
(When we’re apart whatever are you thinking of?)
(What will it take to make or break this hint of love?)
(So tell me darling do you wish we’d fall in love)
(All the time)
Walking down by the bay, on the shore,
Staring up at the planes that aren’t there anymore
I was feeling the night grow old and you were looking so cold
Like an introvert,
I drew my over shirt, around my arms and began to shiver violently
Before you happened to look and see the tunnels all around me
Running into the dark, underground
All the subways around create a great sound
To my motion fatigue, farewell
With your ear to a seashell
You can hear the waves in underwater caves
As if you actually were inside a saltwater room
Chorus:
Girl: (Time together is just never quite enough)
Boy: When you and I are alone, I’ve never felt so at home
Girl: (What will it take to make or break this hint of love?)
Both: We need time, only time
Girl: (When we’re apart whatever are you thinking of?)
Boy: If this is what I call home, why does it feel so alone
Girl: (So tell me darling do you wish we’d fall in love?)
Both: All the time, all the time.
Can you believe that the crew has gone, and wouldn’t let me sign on?
All my islands have sunk in the deep,
So I can hardly relax or even oversleep
I feel as if I were home, some nights, when we count all the ship lights
I guess I’ll never know why sparrows love the snow
We’ll turn off all of the lights and set this ballroom aglow
(So tell me darling do you wish we’d fall in love)
(All the time)
Chorus:
Girl: (Time together is just never quite enough)
Boy: When you and I are alone, I’ve never felt so at home
Girl: (What will it take to make or break this hint of love?)
Both: We need time, only time
Girl: (When we’re apart whatever are you thinking of?)
Boy: If this is what I call home, why does it feel so alone?
Girl: (So tell me darling, do you wish we’d fall in love?)
Both: All the time, all the time
Girl: (Time together is just never quite enough)
(When we’re apart whatever are you thinking of?)
(What will it take to make or break this hint of love?)
(So tell me darling do you wish we’d fall in love)
(All the time)
the red badges of courage
INTRODUCTION TO LITERARY STUDIES ASSIGNMENT
NAME : SONTA JAYANTI N.
NIM : 2201409005
1. Main character
- Henry Fleming
- Tim Wilson
- Jim Conklin
- Bill Porter
- The General
2. Characteristic
Henry Fleming : frightened, pessimistic,courageus
Tim Wilson : symphatetic, intelligent, courageus, pessimistic
Jim Conklin : adult, frightened, innocent
Bill porter : arrogant, grumper
The general : friendly
3. Conflict
- The Beginning : Henry fleming was frightened boy at first,when he knew that the troops will attack the enemy. Henry didn’t confidence that his troop would win the war. He ran out from the battlefield. But finally he realized, he was regret about his fault,left his troops.
- The Peak : Henry came back to his camp, his spirit raised, become courageus and go aheadto attack the enemy in the battlefield.
- The Resolution : Henry’s troop won the war, and after that he told the truth to Wilson about his ran out from battlefield.
4. Moral value
- Although we fear about something, it’s better to change our mind. We have to be confidence and adventurous.
- We will never feel the glory if we do not try to get it first. Frighten is normal and everyone feel it.
- To be soldier, we have to be professional and keep our promise we have said to our country. As a good society, it is our obligation to struggle our country from any rebellion.
- Running out from a problem is not a best way to solve it. All we have to do is just have to pass it and struggle with all of our mindly and physically power.
- Passing problem is a learning of being adult. Harder problem we passed, more adult we are. It needs patience. If we can passed it easily, we will feel the great glory and being wise.
NAME : SONTA JAYANTI N.
NIM : 2201409005
1. Main character
- Henry Fleming
- Tim Wilson
- Jim Conklin
- Bill Porter
- The General
2. Characteristic
Henry Fleming : frightened, pessimistic,courageus
Tim Wilson : symphatetic, intelligent, courageus, pessimistic
Jim Conklin : adult, frightened, innocent
Bill porter : arrogant, grumper
The general : friendly
3. Conflict
- The Beginning : Henry fleming was frightened boy at first,when he knew that the troops will attack the enemy. Henry didn’t confidence that his troop would win the war. He ran out from the battlefield. But finally he realized, he was regret about his fault,left his troops.
- The Peak : Henry came back to his camp, his spirit raised, become courageus and go aheadto attack the enemy in the battlefield.
- The Resolution : Henry’s troop won the war, and after that he told the truth to Wilson about his ran out from battlefield.
4. Moral value
- Although we fear about something, it’s better to change our mind. We have to be confidence and adventurous.
- We will never feel the glory if we do not try to get it first. Frighten is normal and everyone feel it.
- To be soldier, we have to be professional and keep our promise we have said to our country. As a good society, it is our obligation to struggle our country from any rebellion.
- Running out from a problem is not a best way to solve it. All we have to do is just have to pass it and struggle with all of our mindly and physically power.
- Passing problem is a learning of being adult. Harder problem we passed, more adult we are. It needs patience. If we can passed it easily, we will feel the great glory and being wise.
letter to a character in Sweet Potato Pie
Name : Sonta Jayanti N.
NIM : 2201409005
Tuesday, 211-212
Dear Buddy,
I’m very proud of you hearing you are becoming an educated and success one. You have proved to your family, especially your parents, that you can reach the maximal prestice from what your family have given to you. You know that your family struggled so hard to took care of you, your brothers, and your sisters. I’m sure, they are happy knowing how you are right know.
However, Buddy, family is more important than anything in this world, isn’t it? Do not make anything more important than them, like the sweet potato pie. You know that your brother, Charley, loves you so much. He always thinks of you and your prestige athough you are adult. Please do not make him dissapointed to your attitude, Buddy, just because a little thing like the sweet potato pie. Your brother means a lot in your life and you’ll never get anything like him in over the world along your life time. On the other hand, you can find sweet potato pies everywhere and everytime you want and they do not mean anything in your life.
Lovely Buddy, keep shining in your career. You are your family pride. Their support will always accompany you in everything you do and everywhere you go. You are God’s choice to make them happy. Always remember them as they remember you, Buddy.
Love,
Aunt Sonta
NIM : 2201409005
Tuesday, 211-212
Dear Buddy,
I’m very proud of you hearing you are becoming an educated and success one. You have proved to your family, especially your parents, that you can reach the maximal prestice from what your family have given to you. You know that your family struggled so hard to took care of you, your brothers, and your sisters. I’m sure, they are happy knowing how you are right know.
However, Buddy, family is more important than anything in this world, isn’t it? Do not make anything more important than them, like the sweet potato pie. You know that your brother, Charley, loves you so much. He always thinks of you and your prestige athough you are adult. Please do not make him dissapointed to your attitude, Buddy, just because a little thing like the sweet potato pie. Your brother means a lot in your life and you’ll never get anything like him in over the world along your life time. On the other hand, you can find sweet potato pies everywhere and everytime you want and they do not mean anything in your life.
Lovely Buddy, keep shining in your career. You are your family pride. Their support will always accompany you in everything you do and everywhere you go. You are God’s choice to make them happy. Always remember them as they remember you, Buddy.
Love,
Aunt Sonta
descriptive, narative and expository paragraph
Name : Sonta Jayanti Nugraheni
NIM : 2201409005
Rombel : Thursday, 1 pm
A. Descriptive Paragraph
An Amazing Woman
My mother is an amazing woman. She has many good attitudes which make me always admire her. She always shows her resoluteness when she had problems and she never gives up. She is also very kind person. My friends said that they always feel comfort to talk with my mother when they are visiting my house. She is friendly to everyone. She is always smiling and speaking politely to me and to everyone. That is why her beauty still appears although she is 51 years old now. My mother is a sympathetic elementary school teachers too. She have been teaching for almost 25 years. She often shares her students activities or their condition with me in order to be able to help them in studying. My mother also teaches them good attitudes because she wants to build her students’ good personality. I am proud of being child of my mother, the only women whom I admire the most.
B. Narative Paragraph
Going Home
Yesterday was the day when I struggled to come back home to meet my mother whom I missed so much. After I attended the final test of Suprasegmental-based English Phonetic, I downloaded some file which was I need to do my statistic assignment for about half an hour. After I finished it, I came back to my boarding house to take my stuff and planned to go home by public transportations. Fortunately, one of my friends was going to go to campus and asked me to go together by motorcycle. She picked me up to the bus stop near Karyadi Hospital. I thanked to her and got on a mini bus. When I arrived to the bus station, the Surabaya-Semarang bus was not available yet because of the traffic jam. I had been waited for about half an hour and then the bus came. I got on it and took the front seat behind the driver. Along the way starting from Kudus, there was a heavy traffic jam so the bus could not run fast. I was so bored and heated in that full bus. I could not sit comfortly. Beside that, I have to look after my laptop and my stuff which were so heavy. After passing the traffic jam for an hour, the bus run fastly and I finally got off at Kartini Park, Rembang. My tiredness was gone at that moment knowing my mother had already been there waiting for my arrival. I was so happy to meet her and then we went home together.
C. Expository Paragraph
Being A Good Mother
There are four requirements to be a good mother. The first one is setting a good examples for your child. Mother is the nearest person from the children, so the first example for children are their mothers. Mother should do good things before asking their children to do the same. It is hard to imagine the children have good appearance without their mothers’ instructions and real samples. The second requirement is always being there for the child. By doing this, there will be a good relationship between the mother and the child. Always give love and patience for your children as the third requirement. Watch them grow and support their activities. The last one, you should be a good listener. Set your relationship with your children as a deep friendship when it is needed. For example when your children had a problem with their friend, ask them to share with. Listen and give a good solutions for their problem, and don’t forget keep them comfort with you. Show your good motherhood by doing these requirements.
NIM : 2201409005
Rombel : Thursday, 1 pm
A. Descriptive Paragraph
An Amazing Woman
My mother is an amazing woman. She has many good attitudes which make me always admire her. She always shows her resoluteness when she had problems and she never gives up. She is also very kind person. My friends said that they always feel comfort to talk with my mother when they are visiting my house. She is friendly to everyone. She is always smiling and speaking politely to me and to everyone. That is why her beauty still appears although she is 51 years old now. My mother is a sympathetic elementary school teachers too. She have been teaching for almost 25 years. She often shares her students activities or their condition with me in order to be able to help them in studying. My mother also teaches them good attitudes because she wants to build her students’ good personality. I am proud of being child of my mother, the only women whom I admire the most.
B. Narative Paragraph
Going Home
Yesterday was the day when I struggled to come back home to meet my mother whom I missed so much. After I attended the final test of Suprasegmental-based English Phonetic, I downloaded some file which was I need to do my statistic assignment for about half an hour. After I finished it, I came back to my boarding house to take my stuff and planned to go home by public transportations. Fortunately, one of my friends was going to go to campus and asked me to go together by motorcycle. She picked me up to the bus stop near Karyadi Hospital. I thanked to her and got on a mini bus. When I arrived to the bus station, the Surabaya-Semarang bus was not available yet because of the traffic jam. I had been waited for about half an hour and then the bus came. I got on it and took the front seat behind the driver. Along the way starting from Kudus, there was a heavy traffic jam so the bus could not run fast. I was so bored and heated in that full bus. I could not sit comfortly. Beside that, I have to look after my laptop and my stuff which were so heavy. After passing the traffic jam for an hour, the bus run fastly and I finally got off at Kartini Park, Rembang. My tiredness was gone at that moment knowing my mother had already been there waiting for my arrival. I was so happy to meet her and then we went home together.
C. Expository Paragraph
Being A Good Mother
There are four requirements to be a good mother. The first one is setting a good examples for your child. Mother is the nearest person from the children, so the first example for children are their mothers. Mother should do good things before asking their children to do the same. It is hard to imagine the children have good appearance without their mothers’ instructions and real samples. The second requirement is always being there for the child. By doing this, there will be a good relationship between the mother and the child. Always give love and patience for your children as the third requirement. Watch them grow and support their activities. The last one, you should be a good listener. Set your relationship with your children as a deep friendship when it is needed. For example when your children had a problem with their friend, ask them to share with. Listen and give a good solutions for their problem, and don’t forget keep them comfort with you. Show your good motherhood by doing these requirements.
ELEMENTARY READING COMPREHESION ASSIGMENT
ELEMENTARY READING COMPREHESION ASSIGMENT
NAME : Sonta Jayanti Nugraheni
NIM : 2201409005
16:30-18:00
A. EXERCISE 8
1. What is the relationship between Joyce and Adam? Does the tittle of the story help you to infer this? Why?
A couple of darling that will be married.
Yes,it does.
I think of their love is too big so that anything can’t break it apart except a death.
2. Where are they?
At Adam’s house.
3. What can you tell about Joyce’s past?
I think Joyce has amnesia,but at the past she has already known Adam.
4. Which character do you think expreses the way the author feel?
Joyce’s character.
5. What do you think will happen after this in the story?
Joyce will get married with Adam and they will life happily ever after.
B. EXERCISE 9
1. What are the relationship among the four children in the story?
Martin is a father and has some children. Emily,is martin’s wife.
2. Where are they?
At their home.
3. What has happened just before this passage?
The children was playing in the living room before Martin came.
4. Which character do you think expresses the way the author feels?
Martin’s character do.
5. What do you think will happen after this in the story?
Emily try to suicide.
NAME : Sonta Jayanti Nugraheni
NIM : 2201409005
16:30-18:00
A. EXERCISE 8
1. What is the relationship between Joyce and Adam? Does the tittle of the story help you to infer this? Why?
A couple of darling that will be married.
Yes,it does.
I think of their love is too big so that anything can’t break it apart except a death.
2. Where are they?
At Adam’s house.
3. What can you tell about Joyce’s past?
I think Joyce has amnesia,but at the past she has already known Adam.
4. Which character do you think expreses the way the author feel?
Joyce’s character.
5. What do you think will happen after this in the story?
Joyce will get married with Adam and they will life happily ever after.
B. EXERCISE 9
1. What are the relationship among the four children in the story?
Martin is a father and has some children. Emily,is martin’s wife.
2. Where are they?
At their home.
3. What has happened just before this passage?
The children was playing in the living room before Martin came.
4. Which character do you think expresses the way the author feels?
Martin’s character do.
5. What do you think will happen after this in the story?
Emily try to suicide.
EXPRESSION AT SENTENCE / PHRASE LEVEL
NAME : SONTA JAYANTI N.
NIM : 2201409005
ROMBEL : Wednesday 1-2
EXPRESSION AT SENTENCE / PHRASE LEVEL
1. Congratulations
- Congratulation on your engagement. ( card )
- Congratulation on your graduation.
2. Wishes
- Wishing you a nice dream. ( doll )
- I hope you have a wonderful trip.
3. Condolences
- Dear Jessy, we are sorry Mrs. Georgina’s death. She was a lovely woman who touch so many lives with her joy and generosity. We miss her deeply already, and we can only imagine the heartbreak you feel. (e-mail message)
- Please accept my condolences on the death of your brother Freddy. I wish I had words that could make your pain less. But at least you know my thought and prayers are with you and your family as you grieve.
4. Instructions
- Sterilize by ethylene oxide. Do not resterilize or reuse. (syringe)
- Clean all over the surface with wet tissue.
5. Labels
- Never place batteries or phones on or in heating devices, such as microwaves, ovens, stoves, or radiators. Batteries may explode when overheat. (mobile phone)
- Avoid direct contact with sensitive skin. Rinse with plenty water after use.
6. Rules at Sentence
- No scratch! ( park )
- Do not feed the animals. (zoo)
- Broke the glass with this hammer when neccessary.
NIM : 2201409005
ROMBEL : Wednesday 1-2
EXPRESSION AT SENTENCE / PHRASE LEVEL
1. Congratulations
- Congratulation on your engagement. ( card )
- Congratulation on your graduation.
2. Wishes
- Wishing you a nice dream. ( doll )
- I hope you have a wonderful trip.
3. Condolences
- Dear Jessy, we are sorry Mrs. Georgina’s death. She was a lovely woman who touch so many lives with her joy and generosity. We miss her deeply already, and we can only imagine the heartbreak you feel. (e-mail message)
- Please accept my condolences on the death of your brother Freddy. I wish I had words that could make your pain less. But at least you know my thought and prayers are with you and your family as you grieve.
4. Instructions
- Sterilize by ethylene oxide. Do not resterilize or reuse. (syringe)
- Clean all over the surface with wet tissue.
5. Labels
- Never place batteries or phones on or in heating devices, such as microwaves, ovens, stoves, or radiators. Batteries may explode when overheat. (mobile phone)
- Avoid direct contact with sensitive skin. Rinse with plenty water after use.
6. Rules at Sentence
- No scratch! ( park )
- Do not feed the animals. (zoo)
- Broke the glass with this hammer when neccessary.
speaking : conversation
CONVERSATION : TAKE THE GREEN LINE TO MARKET STATION
Sonta as Receiver
April as Caller
(phone ringing)
Sonta : “Hello..?”
April : “Sonta, it’s April.”
Sonta : “April?! What a surprise! What have you been?”
April : “Little busy. Listen, I’m in town today and I have to do some shopping for a job interview coming up and I need to buy a suit. Would you like to accompany me to go shopping and maybe go for a cup of coffee together?”
Sonta : “Sure! I’d love to. In that case, you should check out Brenans Department Store. There a clearance sale, everything in store is 50% off.”
April : “Sounds great! But I don’t know how to get there.”
Sonta : “Ehm...OK,where are you now?”
April : “I’m at Airport Station.”
Sonta : “OK. You just take the green line to Market Station and go out exit number 2. Don’t miss it!”
April : “Number 2, right?”
Sonta : “Yes. How about 3 pm?”
April : “Good choice! See you there!”
Sonta as Receiver
April as Caller
(phone ringing)
Sonta : “Hello..?”
April : “Sonta, it’s April.”
Sonta : “April?! What a surprise! What have you been?”
April : “Little busy. Listen, I’m in town today and I have to do some shopping for a job interview coming up and I need to buy a suit. Would you like to accompany me to go shopping and maybe go for a cup of coffee together?”
Sonta : “Sure! I’d love to. In that case, you should check out Brenans Department Store. There a clearance sale, everything in store is 50% off.”
April : “Sounds great! But I don’t know how to get there.”
Sonta : “Ehm...OK,where are you now?”
April : “I’m at Airport Station.”
Sonta : “OK. You just take the green line to Market Station and go out exit number 2. Don’t miss it!”
April : “Number 2, right?”
Sonta : “Yes. How about 3 pm?”
April : “Good choice! See you there!”
analysis of "fire and ice" by Robert Frost
CHAPTER I
DEFINITION THE ELEMENTS OF POETRY
A. CONOTATIVE AND DENOTATIVE MEANING
1. Connotative Meaning
Connotative meaning in poetry refers to associations that are connected to a certain word or the emotional suggestions related to that word. A connotation is a subjective cultural and/or emotional coloration in addition to the explicit or dennotative meaning of any specific word or phrase in a language. Connotation is created when you mean something else, something that might be initially hidden.
2. Denotative Meaning
Denotative meaning means is strick, literal, definition of a word devoid of any emotions, attitude or color (Wikipedia). Denotation refers to the literal of a word, the “dictionary definition attempts to provide. For the art historian Erwin Panofsky, the denotation of a representional visual image is what all viewers from any culture and at many time would recognize the image as depicting ( Panofsky 1970a, 51-3). According to Walden, denotative in semiotics sometimes regarded as a digital code.
They have function to enrich meaning, because of the imbiguity and multpicity of meaning.
B. KINDS OF POETRY
1. Narrative Poems
Narrative poem is a poem whose details are organized chronologically has a narrative progression.
Such a poem tells a story and it may have some of the features of a story. In other words, it may have a rising action in which a conflict develops, a climx in which the conflict takes a turn, and falling action in which the conflict reaches a conclusion.
The most obvious examples of narrative progression occur in folk or poppular ballads.
Ballad poem is a poem that tells a story similar to a folk tale or legend and often has repeated refrain.
A ballads is often about love and often sung.
2. Expository Poems
Expository poem is any arrangement by means of which a poet exposes his ideas and feelings.
One kind of expository progression is a movement from ignorance at the beginning of the poem to knowledge at the end. If a poem expresses a feeling, that feeling will be less vague at the end; if it describes a scene, the scene will be more vivid in reader’s mind.
The most obvious examples of expository progression occur in:
a. Lyric
Lyric poem is a poem that expresses the thoughts and feelings to the poet.
b. Ode
Ode poem is lenghty lyric poem typically of a serious or meditative nature and having an elevated style and formal stanza structure.
c. Elegy
Elegy poem is a sad and thoughtful poem about the death of an individual.
3. Descriptive Poems
Descriptive poem is a poem presented in an arrangement of pictorial details or images.
4. Argumentative Poems
Argumentative poem is when a poet presents a proposition and then gives reasons to defend it.
The most obvious examples of argumntative progression occur in sonnet.
Sonnet poem are:
a. English (or Shakespearean)
b. Italian (or Petrarchan)
C. IMAGERY
Imagery in poetry has function to activate the visual, auditary, olfactory, kinestetic, and gustatory of the readers.
D. FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE
Figurative language uses "figures of speech" - a way of saying something other than the literal meaning of the words. Here are kinds of figurative language:
1. Metaphor A figure of speech in which a comparison is made between two things essentially unalike.
2. Simile A figure of speech in which a comparison is expressed by the specific use of a word or phrase such as: like, as, than, seems or Frost's favorite "as if,"
Examples:
Mending Wall: like an old-stone savage armed
Stars: like some snow-white/ Minerva's snow-white marble eyes
Going for Water: We ran as if to meet the moon ---- we paused / like gnomes
Birches: Like girls on hands and knees that throw their hair
3. Symbol A thing (could be an object, person, situation or action) which stands for something else more abstract.
4. Personification A type of metaphor in which distinct human qualities, e.g., honesty, emotion, volition, etc., are attributed to an animal, object or idea.
5. Apostrophe A figure of speech in which someone absent or dead OR something nonhuman is addressed as if it were alive and present.
6. Synecdoche A figure of speech which mentions a part of something to suggest the whole.
Examples:
Fire and Ice: The heat of love and the cold of hate are seen as having cataclysmic power.
7. Metonymy A figure of speech that uses a concept closely related to the thing actually meant. The substitution makes the analogy more vivid and meaningful.
8. Allegory or Parable A poem in the form of a narrative or story that has a second meaning beneath the surface one
9. Paradox A statement or situation containing apparently contradictory or incompatible elements, but on closer inspection may be true.
Examples:
Fire and Ice:"But if it had to perish twice"
10. Hyperbole A bold, deliberate overstatement not intended to be taken literally, it is used as a means of emphasizing the truth of a statement.
11. Understatement The presentation of a thing with underemphasis in order to achieve a greater effect.
Examples:
Fire and Ice: Ice, which for destruction is great, "will suffice."
12. Irony Verbal irony is a figure of speech when an expression used is the opposite of the thought in the speaker's mind, thus conveying a meaning that contradicts the literal definition. Dramatic irony is a literary or theatrical device of having a character utter words which the the reader or audience understands to have a different meaning, but of which the character himself is unaware. Irony of situation is when a situation occurs which is quite the reverse of what one might have expected
E. TONE
The tone of a poem is roughly equivalent to the mood it creates in the reader. Much depends on interpretation, of course, but the play will give the actor clues about the tone just as a poem gives its readers clues about how to feel about it. Tone is not in any way divorced from the other elements of poetry; it is directly dependent on them.
CHAPTER II
ANALYZING “FIRE AND ICE” POEM BY ROBERT FROST
Fire and Ice
Some say the world will end in fire,
Some say in ice.
From what I've tasted of desire
I hold with those who favor fire.
But if it had to perish twice,
I think I know enough of hate
To say that for destruction ice
Is also great
And would suffice.
By Robert Frost (1874-1963) (Poem first published in Harper's Magazine, December issue 1920)
1. Connotative and Denotative Meaning of “Fire and Ice” Poem.
a. Connotative meaning
Some : the astronom, knowledge people
World : life
End : the doomsday
Fire : desire, aim, emotion, love
Ice : hate
Tasted : have ever done, know
Hold : choose
Those : the people who choose fire
Suffice : make people believe enough,
Destruction : death
b. Denotative meaning
World : the Earth and the people, place, and things on it.
End : stop, finish,
Fire : the state of burning that produce flames which send out heat and light, and might produce smoke
Ice : water which has frozen and become solid, or pieces of this.
Hold : take or keep something in your hand or arms.
Perish :to die, especially an accident being killed by, or be destroyed.
Suffice : to be enough.
Destruction: when something destroy
Destroy : to damage something so badly that it does not exist and cn not be used.
Taste : put food or drink in your mouth to find out what flavour it has
The poems meaning is also communicated by the denotations and connotations of words. The poet uses words that mean or suggest passion/consumption, knowledge/experience and death/destruction. Passion and consumption are suggested by the words “fire,” “desire,” and “taste.” The words “some say” represent knowledge of a group of people; while the first person “I know” suggests personal experience. “End,” “fire,” “ice,” “perish” and “destruction” all denote death and destruction.
2. Kind of “Fire and Ice” Poem.
“Fire and Ice” poem is included in expository poem. It tells about how the world ends. The author, Robert Frost, explain the two possibilities which can make all living things in this earth come to an end. The possibilities are fire and ice, which have contrast differences. He tells that he choose the way of world end by the fire with, because he had taste the destruction of fire. The fire efers to the desire of love, ambition, emotion, etc. While the ice refers to hate, and other bad things. He also tells the power of ice that also destructive. If he got second chance to taste the end of the world, he would know know enough of hate, because the world would be destroy by the ice.
All in Fire and Ice poem is explained by Robert Frost, about the taste, about the process of destruction, and so on. So, it is included in expository poem.
3. Imagery
The speaker utilizes images to help emphasize a person’s feelings in a relationship. The first image of fire is used both in the title and twice in the poem. Fire, when uncontrolled, viciously consumes all around it, wanting more and more as it grows. In a relationship, this fire can be set off in an instant. Desire, or jealousy, can occur in a relationship, and consequently can consume an individual until there is nothing left to burn. The second image of ice is also used in the title and twice in the poem. In Dante’s Infernal, the freezing temperatures of hell attempt to drive the life out of a person (Serio 1). Similarly, hate forces the other person away, driving the life out of a relationship. When left uncontrolled, these darker emotions can bring about the end of a relationship.
4. Figurative Language
Fire is directly equated with desire, the kind that kindles antagonism and conflict. The symbolism of fire, along with the denotations and connotations, further add to the meaning of the poem. Another use of symbolism is through the use of the word “ice.” Ice represents hate. Finally, the poet uses “the world” as a symbol for a relationship. All of these symbols help to tie together the poem by making desire and hate feelings felt in a relationship.
In addition to the use of symbols, the poet also uses understatements to add to the tone.The poem ends with the line “And would suffice” which oversimplifies the meaning that has been created. By using this line, the poet emphasizes the harm of desire and hate in a relationship.
Frost is using synecdoche The heat of love and the cold of hate are seen as having cataclysmic power. The heat is figured in fire, while the cold is figured in ice. By using these two words, he can show us the differences between them, that both fire and ice are have great energy to destroy the world and all living creature in it.
Lastly, paradox is used in the line: “But if I had to perish twice”. While a person is unable to die two times, the line is used figuratively to demonstrate that desire is equally as harmful as hate.
5. Tone
Tone in Fire and Ice can be read as readers’ tone in different interpretation. But base on this poem analysis, reader should read Fire and Ice poem in scared tone, or just in usual state, not scared, not angry, not happy. If readers read it with happy tone, by all means it is not appropriate. But, if readers read it with tone like if we explain something, or scaring someone olse, it maybe appropriate. Sad expression is also appropriate, because the readers think about the way he will die, or see the world end in pity condition, wether it is by fire, or by ice. The two powers can make a great doomsday for world, and all living creature in earth.
In reading sentence “But if it had to perish twice”, readers can also express happines, but not much, because in that sentence, seems like get second chance to taste the end of the world, or even the life. And after that, readers can express sadness or scare again.
It is back to readers’ interpretation. But of course in this poem, not appropriate for us to express happines or read the poem by laughing, because it is not tells about funny thing.
DEFINITION THE ELEMENTS OF POETRY
A. CONOTATIVE AND DENOTATIVE MEANING
1. Connotative Meaning
Connotative meaning in poetry refers to associations that are connected to a certain word or the emotional suggestions related to that word. A connotation is a subjective cultural and/or emotional coloration in addition to the explicit or dennotative meaning of any specific word or phrase in a language. Connotation is created when you mean something else, something that might be initially hidden.
2. Denotative Meaning
Denotative meaning means is strick, literal, definition of a word devoid of any emotions, attitude or color (Wikipedia). Denotation refers to the literal of a word, the “dictionary definition attempts to provide. For the art historian Erwin Panofsky, the denotation of a representional visual image is what all viewers from any culture and at many time would recognize the image as depicting ( Panofsky 1970a, 51-3). According to Walden, denotative in semiotics sometimes regarded as a digital code.
They have function to enrich meaning, because of the imbiguity and multpicity of meaning.
B. KINDS OF POETRY
1. Narrative Poems
Narrative poem is a poem whose details are organized chronologically has a narrative progression.
Such a poem tells a story and it may have some of the features of a story. In other words, it may have a rising action in which a conflict develops, a climx in which the conflict takes a turn, and falling action in which the conflict reaches a conclusion.
The most obvious examples of narrative progression occur in folk or poppular ballads.
Ballad poem is a poem that tells a story similar to a folk tale or legend and often has repeated refrain.
A ballads is often about love and often sung.
2. Expository Poems
Expository poem is any arrangement by means of which a poet exposes his ideas and feelings.
One kind of expository progression is a movement from ignorance at the beginning of the poem to knowledge at the end. If a poem expresses a feeling, that feeling will be less vague at the end; if it describes a scene, the scene will be more vivid in reader’s mind.
The most obvious examples of expository progression occur in:
a. Lyric
Lyric poem is a poem that expresses the thoughts and feelings to the poet.
b. Ode
Ode poem is lenghty lyric poem typically of a serious or meditative nature and having an elevated style and formal stanza structure.
c. Elegy
Elegy poem is a sad and thoughtful poem about the death of an individual.
3. Descriptive Poems
Descriptive poem is a poem presented in an arrangement of pictorial details or images.
4. Argumentative Poems
Argumentative poem is when a poet presents a proposition and then gives reasons to defend it.
The most obvious examples of argumntative progression occur in sonnet.
Sonnet poem are:
a. English (or Shakespearean)
b. Italian (or Petrarchan)
C. IMAGERY
Imagery in poetry has function to activate the visual, auditary, olfactory, kinestetic, and gustatory of the readers.
D. FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE
Figurative language uses "figures of speech" - a way of saying something other than the literal meaning of the words. Here are kinds of figurative language:
1. Metaphor A figure of speech in which a comparison is made between two things essentially unalike.
2. Simile A figure of speech in which a comparison is expressed by the specific use of a word or phrase such as: like, as, than, seems or Frost's favorite "as if,"
Examples:
Mending Wall: like an old-stone savage armed
Stars: like some snow-white/ Minerva's snow-white marble eyes
Going for Water: We ran as if to meet the moon ---- we paused / like gnomes
Birches: Like girls on hands and knees that throw their hair
3. Symbol A thing (could be an object, person, situation or action) which stands for something else more abstract.
4. Personification A type of metaphor in which distinct human qualities, e.g., honesty, emotion, volition, etc., are attributed to an animal, object or idea.
5. Apostrophe A figure of speech in which someone absent or dead OR something nonhuman is addressed as if it were alive and present.
6. Synecdoche A figure of speech which mentions a part of something to suggest the whole.
Examples:
Fire and Ice: The heat of love and the cold of hate are seen as having cataclysmic power.
7. Metonymy A figure of speech that uses a concept closely related to the thing actually meant. The substitution makes the analogy more vivid and meaningful.
8. Allegory or Parable A poem in the form of a narrative or story that has a second meaning beneath the surface one
9. Paradox A statement or situation containing apparently contradictory or incompatible elements, but on closer inspection may be true.
Examples:
Fire and Ice:"But if it had to perish twice"
10. Hyperbole A bold, deliberate overstatement not intended to be taken literally, it is used as a means of emphasizing the truth of a statement.
11. Understatement The presentation of a thing with underemphasis in order to achieve a greater effect.
Examples:
Fire and Ice: Ice, which for destruction is great, "will suffice."
12. Irony Verbal irony is a figure of speech when an expression used is the opposite of the thought in the speaker's mind, thus conveying a meaning that contradicts the literal definition. Dramatic irony is a literary or theatrical device of having a character utter words which the the reader or audience understands to have a different meaning, but of which the character himself is unaware. Irony of situation is when a situation occurs which is quite the reverse of what one might have expected
E. TONE
The tone of a poem is roughly equivalent to the mood it creates in the reader. Much depends on interpretation, of course, but the play will give the actor clues about the tone just as a poem gives its readers clues about how to feel about it. Tone is not in any way divorced from the other elements of poetry; it is directly dependent on them.
CHAPTER II
ANALYZING “FIRE AND ICE” POEM BY ROBERT FROST
Fire and Ice
Some say the world will end in fire,
Some say in ice.
From what I've tasted of desire
I hold with those who favor fire.
But if it had to perish twice,
I think I know enough of hate
To say that for destruction ice
Is also great
And would suffice.
By Robert Frost (1874-1963) (Poem first published in Harper's Magazine, December issue 1920)
1. Connotative and Denotative Meaning of “Fire and Ice” Poem.
a. Connotative meaning
Some : the astronom, knowledge people
World : life
End : the doomsday
Fire : desire, aim, emotion, love
Ice : hate
Tasted : have ever done, know
Hold : choose
Those : the people who choose fire
Suffice : make people believe enough,
Destruction : death
b. Denotative meaning
World : the Earth and the people, place, and things on it.
End : stop, finish,
Fire : the state of burning that produce flames which send out heat and light, and might produce smoke
Ice : water which has frozen and become solid, or pieces of this.
Hold : take or keep something in your hand or arms.
Perish :to die, especially an accident being killed by, or be destroyed.
Suffice : to be enough.
Destruction: when something destroy
Destroy : to damage something so badly that it does not exist and cn not be used.
Taste : put food or drink in your mouth to find out what flavour it has
The poems meaning is also communicated by the denotations and connotations of words. The poet uses words that mean or suggest passion/consumption, knowledge/experience and death/destruction. Passion and consumption are suggested by the words “fire,” “desire,” and “taste.” The words “some say” represent knowledge of a group of people; while the first person “I know” suggests personal experience. “End,” “fire,” “ice,” “perish” and “destruction” all denote death and destruction.
2. Kind of “Fire and Ice” Poem.
“Fire and Ice” poem is included in expository poem. It tells about how the world ends. The author, Robert Frost, explain the two possibilities which can make all living things in this earth come to an end. The possibilities are fire and ice, which have contrast differences. He tells that he choose the way of world end by the fire with, because he had taste the destruction of fire. The fire efers to the desire of love, ambition, emotion, etc. While the ice refers to hate, and other bad things. He also tells the power of ice that also destructive. If he got second chance to taste the end of the world, he would know know enough of hate, because the world would be destroy by the ice.
All in Fire and Ice poem is explained by Robert Frost, about the taste, about the process of destruction, and so on. So, it is included in expository poem.
3. Imagery
The speaker utilizes images to help emphasize a person’s feelings in a relationship. The first image of fire is used both in the title and twice in the poem. Fire, when uncontrolled, viciously consumes all around it, wanting more and more as it grows. In a relationship, this fire can be set off in an instant. Desire, or jealousy, can occur in a relationship, and consequently can consume an individual until there is nothing left to burn. The second image of ice is also used in the title and twice in the poem. In Dante’s Infernal, the freezing temperatures of hell attempt to drive the life out of a person (Serio 1). Similarly, hate forces the other person away, driving the life out of a relationship. When left uncontrolled, these darker emotions can bring about the end of a relationship.
4. Figurative Language
Fire is directly equated with desire, the kind that kindles antagonism and conflict. The symbolism of fire, along with the denotations and connotations, further add to the meaning of the poem. Another use of symbolism is through the use of the word “ice.” Ice represents hate. Finally, the poet uses “the world” as a symbol for a relationship. All of these symbols help to tie together the poem by making desire and hate feelings felt in a relationship.
In addition to the use of symbols, the poet also uses understatements to add to the tone.The poem ends with the line “And would suffice” which oversimplifies the meaning that has been created. By using this line, the poet emphasizes the harm of desire and hate in a relationship.
Frost is using synecdoche The heat of love and the cold of hate are seen as having cataclysmic power. The heat is figured in fire, while the cold is figured in ice. By using these two words, he can show us the differences between them, that both fire and ice are have great energy to destroy the world and all living creature in it.
Lastly, paradox is used in the line: “But if I had to perish twice”. While a person is unable to die two times, the line is used figuratively to demonstrate that desire is equally as harmful as hate.
5. Tone
Tone in Fire and Ice can be read as readers’ tone in different interpretation. But base on this poem analysis, reader should read Fire and Ice poem in scared tone, or just in usual state, not scared, not angry, not happy. If readers read it with happy tone, by all means it is not appropriate. But, if readers read it with tone like if we explain something, or scaring someone olse, it maybe appropriate. Sad expression is also appropriate, because the readers think about the way he will die, or see the world end in pity condition, wether it is by fire, or by ice. The two powers can make a great doomsday for world, and all living creature in earth.
In reading sentence “But if it had to perish twice”, readers can also express happines, but not much, because in that sentence, seems like get second chance to taste the end of the world, or even the life. And after that, readers can express sadness or scare again.
It is back to readers’ interpretation. But of course in this poem, not appropriate for us to express happines or read the poem by laughing, because it is not tells about funny thing.
christina coning "just like a girl should"
INTRODUCTION TO LITERARY STUDIES ASSIGMENT
SONTA JAYANTI NUGRAHENI / 2201409005
CHRISTINA KONING
JUST LIKE A YOUNG GIRL SHOULD
Based on “Just Like a Young Girl Should” the conclusions are:
to be adult or doesn’t behind the times, we shouldn’t do something that we don’t have to do. Adulthood will come at its time. And to learn it we shouldn’t do something that we don’t know yet wether it is true or not. we should ask somebody who more know than us first.
To be ourself,without wanted to be popular or doesn’t behind the times,is important. We have to have strong principe and behaviour,so our mind couldn’t changed by the bad effect from our surrounding. Especially for teenagers who their principe is still labil. Puberty is time when we should learn, life, love, behaviour, and everything. To knowabout life, we should learn it in our family, and other surrounding. Maybe our friends, who often meet us at schoolor campus, maybe has more experience than us about life. But to make sure about everything that we doesn’t know yet, it is better for us to ask the older people who know it, because they had passed the puberty. About this story, i can conclude that the surrounding couldn’t teach Kitty well, so that she can influenced bad thing from Alain, who she knew little thing about him in short time after met in a Saturday night.
Doing little fault can effect our future. Kitty, has just obey what Alain said without thinking wether it is true or not, it risk, and so on. Said, she was pregnant, what can she do to prepare for her future? She will pursued by it of course. Her puberty will throw away. All that we done need responsibilities.
True love is not hurt and never left us away. Based on the story, between Kitty and Alain there is no love more ever the true love. It just a game between them. Maybe Kitty fee a little admiration, but Alain seemed like just take a benefit from Kitty foolness.
Trusting someone need a strong reason why we have to trust her or him. We have to know who they are, it is good or not if we give a trust to them. More ever if we don’t know them before and where they are from. Give a trust to someone don’t just look at her or his performance, whealth, or popularity. See their behaviour and ask our self wether they proper to take our trust about everything.
Kitty was blind because of Alain and her willing of not being behind the times. Sometime a purpose can make us forget everything important. And when it is end, we just realize that we are wrong and regret what we have done. Kitty regreted after Alain left her and gone. There is no responsibility to her and he went easily from Kitty’s life.
Teenager often want to know about love, and everything. They do sex but actually it must not done before they married. But, most teenager, because they are too vexed about it, they do it secretly. Teenagers like Kitty and Alain is the examples. Actually, it is not the right time to do it and they have to be patient until the right time.
SONTA JAYANTI NUGRAHENI / 2201409005
CHRISTINA KONING
JUST LIKE A YOUNG GIRL SHOULD
Based on “Just Like a Young Girl Should” the conclusions are:
to be adult or doesn’t behind the times, we shouldn’t do something that we don’t have to do. Adulthood will come at its time. And to learn it we shouldn’t do something that we don’t know yet wether it is true or not. we should ask somebody who more know than us first.
To be ourself,without wanted to be popular or doesn’t behind the times,is important. We have to have strong principe and behaviour,so our mind couldn’t changed by the bad effect from our surrounding. Especially for teenagers who their principe is still labil. Puberty is time when we should learn, life, love, behaviour, and everything. To knowabout life, we should learn it in our family, and other surrounding. Maybe our friends, who often meet us at schoolor campus, maybe has more experience than us about life. But to make sure about everything that we doesn’t know yet, it is better for us to ask the older people who know it, because they had passed the puberty. About this story, i can conclude that the surrounding couldn’t teach Kitty well, so that she can influenced bad thing from Alain, who she knew little thing about him in short time after met in a Saturday night.
Doing little fault can effect our future. Kitty, has just obey what Alain said without thinking wether it is true or not, it risk, and so on. Said, she was pregnant, what can she do to prepare for her future? She will pursued by it of course. Her puberty will throw away. All that we done need responsibilities.
True love is not hurt and never left us away. Based on the story, between Kitty and Alain there is no love more ever the true love. It just a game between them. Maybe Kitty fee a little admiration, but Alain seemed like just take a benefit from Kitty foolness.
Trusting someone need a strong reason why we have to trust her or him. We have to know who they are, it is good or not if we give a trust to them. More ever if we don’t know them before and where they are from. Give a trust to someone don’t just look at her or his performance, whealth, or popularity. See their behaviour and ask our self wether they proper to take our trust about everything.
Kitty was blind because of Alain and her willing of not being behind the times. Sometime a purpose can make us forget everything important. And when it is end, we just realize that we are wrong and regret what we have done. Kitty regreted after Alain left her and gone. There is no responsibility to her and he went easily from Kitty’s life.
Teenager often want to know about love, and everything. They do sex but actually it must not done before they married. But, most teenager, because they are too vexed about it, they do it secretly. Teenagers like Kitty and Alain is the examples. Actually, it is not the right time to do it and they have to be patient until the right time.
inferences of drama performance "bride and prejudice"
NAME : SONTA JAYANTI N.
NIM : 2201409005
ROMBEL : MONDAY 9-10
INFERENCES OF DRAMA PERFORMANCE
BRIDE AND PREJUDICE
A. CONFLICT
- Beginning
The beginning of this story is when Bakshis family met Darcy, Balraj and Kiran, at dance party one night. When Balraj approached Jaya and so was Darcy, who approached Lalita. But Lalita was keeping her mind to be tough and thought that Darcy was not a good person, arrogant, selfish, etc. Although Lalita and Darcy often met in many occassions, but it still diffficult for Lalita to accept Darcy who clearly loved her. Not only Darcy, but also Kholisa, rejected by Lalita. Actually, Lalita give a sympathy to Johnny Weckham, Darcy’s friend who looked more interesting person than Darcy and Kholisa.
- Peak
When Lalita and Darcy were debating because their prejudice against each other, there was new problem came. Lalita was wrong if she thought that Weckham was a lovely person. What a surprise, Lakhi, her sister, just ran away with Weckham, the man who she hoped for. Bakhis family was so panic in looking for Lakhi, the youngest daughter. And at that time, Darcy become a hero for Lalita in looking for Lakhi.
- Resolution
Finally, Lakhi was found by Lalita and Darcy. And at that time, Lalita realized that Darcy was not as bad as she thought. Although Darcy looked like an arrogant man, but actually Darcy was a wise and care with another. But different with Weckham. Lalita just shocked after knew how bad he was. And after Jaya married with Balraj, Lalita said love to Darcy, and they married too.
B. INFERENCE
In this story, we learn a lot about way to know somebody. In relationship, we do not have to judge somebody from her or him performance or their atittude in a short time. Knowing something just a little part of it is useless, just like knowing somebody’s behaviour. Sometimes they look arrogant, bossy, selfish, etc. But so far we know him or her, that is wrong, and a lot of good things that we did not know before. Against with another type of people who look so friendly, interesting, and not bossy or not arrogant at all. Someday, her or his bad thing will be showed no matter how deep they hide it from us or how good he act.
Love is not always begin by a nice feeling, like what had happened to Darcy and Lalita. Although Darcy did the best to Lalita, but she did not see it. She always thought that he was not better than Weckham, her beloved man. She hate him because what Weckham told was different with the reality. And Lalita believe so. That Darcy is jealous with Weckham. Everything which they thought was always against each other. Darcy from a rich family, but Lalita was not. But actually both are obstinate about what was they thinking about. But, from that condition they more knew each other, and so far, their strong hate became a strong love. People said, “ Don’t hate someone too much, because it can be a love. And don’t love someone too much too, it can be a hate.”
Love between sister or family is stronger than love between man and woman. Just like Lalita and Darcy. Lalita would not accept Darcy’s love if Darcy did not support Balraj and Jaya to married. She seems like choosed Jaya happiness than Darcy’s love. Between Jaya, Lalita, and Lakhi there was a strong emotion of being family. They support each other, and never fight each other especially in love problem. Having many sisters is an amazing thing. Moreover if our sisters are not much older or younger. They can be a sister or a best friend. But if she much older, she can be a second mother after our mother. God always give us people whom we need.
In old culture, dance party is a moment to look for a son in law or daughter in law. For example Bakhis family, who promote their daughters to Balraj, who are the richest man in that party. Luckily, Balraj fell in love with Jaya. Of course it would make Bakhis economy better to have rich son in law. According to me, it is better than make an appointment with other family to marry their son and daughter before ask them first if they love each other or not, it is not the same with Indonesian culture, Siti Nurbaya story. They still give right to their child to said yes or no.
And the last, love is not about money. How rich they are, if can not give love and happinness, it impossible to get married. Although marriage can be forced, but we can not forced by everyone to love someone. Much money can buy everything, but it can not buy love. Against if we have love. How simple our life, how poor our family are, if we have love, we will feel like having everything. And how much different between a poor and a rich, if their love is strong, everything will not be able to break it apart except the death. Just like Jaya and Balraj. Because a marriage is to complete each other. As we know that every person has weakness. Marriage make them become one in a family, to love each other, help each other, and solve all problem together.
NIM : 2201409005
ROMBEL : MONDAY 9-10
INFERENCES OF DRAMA PERFORMANCE
BRIDE AND PREJUDICE
A. CONFLICT
- Beginning
The beginning of this story is when Bakshis family met Darcy, Balraj and Kiran, at dance party one night. When Balraj approached Jaya and so was Darcy, who approached Lalita. But Lalita was keeping her mind to be tough and thought that Darcy was not a good person, arrogant, selfish, etc. Although Lalita and Darcy often met in many occassions, but it still diffficult for Lalita to accept Darcy who clearly loved her. Not only Darcy, but also Kholisa, rejected by Lalita. Actually, Lalita give a sympathy to Johnny Weckham, Darcy’s friend who looked more interesting person than Darcy and Kholisa.
- Peak
When Lalita and Darcy were debating because their prejudice against each other, there was new problem came. Lalita was wrong if she thought that Weckham was a lovely person. What a surprise, Lakhi, her sister, just ran away with Weckham, the man who she hoped for. Bakhis family was so panic in looking for Lakhi, the youngest daughter. And at that time, Darcy become a hero for Lalita in looking for Lakhi.
- Resolution
Finally, Lakhi was found by Lalita and Darcy. And at that time, Lalita realized that Darcy was not as bad as she thought. Although Darcy looked like an arrogant man, but actually Darcy was a wise and care with another. But different with Weckham. Lalita just shocked after knew how bad he was. And after Jaya married with Balraj, Lalita said love to Darcy, and they married too.
B. INFERENCE
In this story, we learn a lot about way to know somebody. In relationship, we do not have to judge somebody from her or him performance or their atittude in a short time. Knowing something just a little part of it is useless, just like knowing somebody’s behaviour. Sometimes they look arrogant, bossy, selfish, etc. But so far we know him or her, that is wrong, and a lot of good things that we did not know before. Against with another type of people who look so friendly, interesting, and not bossy or not arrogant at all. Someday, her or his bad thing will be showed no matter how deep they hide it from us or how good he act.
Love is not always begin by a nice feeling, like what had happened to Darcy and Lalita. Although Darcy did the best to Lalita, but she did not see it. She always thought that he was not better than Weckham, her beloved man. She hate him because what Weckham told was different with the reality. And Lalita believe so. That Darcy is jealous with Weckham. Everything which they thought was always against each other. Darcy from a rich family, but Lalita was not. But actually both are obstinate about what was they thinking about. But, from that condition they more knew each other, and so far, their strong hate became a strong love. People said, “ Don’t hate someone too much, because it can be a love. And don’t love someone too much too, it can be a hate.”
Love between sister or family is stronger than love between man and woman. Just like Lalita and Darcy. Lalita would not accept Darcy’s love if Darcy did not support Balraj and Jaya to married. She seems like choosed Jaya happiness than Darcy’s love. Between Jaya, Lalita, and Lakhi there was a strong emotion of being family. They support each other, and never fight each other especially in love problem. Having many sisters is an amazing thing. Moreover if our sisters are not much older or younger. They can be a sister or a best friend. But if she much older, she can be a second mother after our mother. God always give us people whom we need.
In old culture, dance party is a moment to look for a son in law or daughter in law. For example Bakhis family, who promote their daughters to Balraj, who are the richest man in that party. Luckily, Balraj fell in love with Jaya. Of course it would make Bakhis economy better to have rich son in law. According to me, it is better than make an appointment with other family to marry their son and daughter before ask them first if they love each other or not, it is not the same with Indonesian culture, Siti Nurbaya story. They still give right to their child to said yes or no.
And the last, love is not about money. How rich they are, if can not give love and happinness, it impossible to get married. Although marriage can be forced, but we can not forced by everyone to love someone. Much money can buy everything, but it can not buy love. Against if we have love. How simple our life, how poor our family are, if we have love, we will feel like having everything. And how much different between a poor and a rich, if their love is strong, everything will not be able to break it apart except the death. Just like Jaya and Balraj. Because a marriage is to complete each other. As we know that every person has weakness. Marriage make them become one in a family, to love each other, help each other, and solve all problem together.
idiom
Name : Sonta Jayanti Nugraheni
NIM : 2201409005
Rombel : Tuesday, 1 pm
A. By All Means
Because today I am in good mental state, I let you buy this television on credit. So, do not think that I put something over on you.
1. (Not) at all = (not) in any way (used in negative expressions)
2. By all means = definitely, certainly (opposite: by no means)
3. Frame of mind = mental state
4. Cut corners = economise
5. (buy) on credit = pay for something in periodic installments
6. Put something = deceive someone
over on someone
B. Putting in A Word
If you did not do any crime, never mind! You are in the clear. He has no business doing judgement to you. It stands to reasons because you are in the right position.
1. (it/that) stands to reason = is logical
Have no business doing = have no right to do something; Something should not
2. Never mind = don’t worry; don’t bother
3. Put in a word for someone= say something in favour of
or something someone
4. In the clear = free of suspicion, blame, or obligation
5. Make up for something = compensate
C. The Last Straw
I do not like the way he talks. Besides talking too much and not come to the point, he said that our faculty is silly. He put his foot in it. I think it is the last straw, I want to leave this room soon.
1. Put one’s foot in it = say or do something that is precisely the wrong thing to say or do in given situation.
2. Have words with = quarrel
someone
3. On edge = nervous; irritable
4. Come to the point = be direct, giving the essential facts
5. The last straw = that incident which, after a series of similiar ones, causes one to became angry
6. Take a stand on something = declare firmly that one is for or against something
D. Extra Week
Nina’s conditions go from bad to worse. She is feeling under the weather and I think she is being caught cold. I think she had better to take it easy for a few days, so her conditions will be better.
1. Under the weather = unwell, although not serious ill
2. Catch cold = become sick with cold
3. (it/that) serves one right = get exactly what one deserves
4. Take it easy = relax
5. Go from bad to worse = deteriorate; get gradually worse
NIM : 2201409005
Rombel : Tuesday, 1 pm
A. By All Means
Because today I am in good mental state, I let you buy this television on credit. So, do not think that I put something over on you.
1. (Not) at all = (not) in any way (used in negative expressions)
2. By all means = definitely, certainly (opposite: by no means)
3. Frame of mind = mental state
4. Cut corners = economise
5. (buy) on credit = pay for something in periodic installments
6. Put something = deceive someone
over on someone
B. Putting in A Word
If you did not do any crime, never mind! You are in the clear. He has no business doing judgement to you. It stands to reasons because you are in the right position.
1. (it/that) stands to reason = is logical
Have no business doing = have no right to do something; Something should not
2. Never mind = don’t worry; don’t bother
3. Put in a word for someone= say something in favour of
or something someone
4. In the clear = free of suspicion, blame, or obligation
5. Make up for something = compensate
C. The Last Straw
I do not like the way he talks. Besides talking too much and not come to the point, he said that our faculty is silly. He put his foot in it. I think it is the last straw, I want to leave this room soon.
1. Put one’s foot in it = say or do something that is precisely the wrong thing to say or do in given situation.
2. Have words with = quarrel
someone
3. On edge = nervous; irritable
4. Come to the point = be direct, giving the essential facts
5. The last straw = that incident which, after a series of similiar ones, causes one to became angry
6. Take a stand on something = declare firmly that one is for or against something
D. Extra Week
Nina’s conditions go from bad to worse. She is feeling under the weather and I think she is being caught cold. I think she had better to take it easy for a few days, so her conditions will be better.
1. Under the weather = unwell, although not serious ill
2. Catch cold = become sick with cold
3. (it/that) serves one right = get exactly what one deserves
4. Take it easy = relax
5. Go from bad to worse = deteriorate; get gradually worse
Minggu, 27 Maret 2011
ANALISIS BKS
BAB 1
PENDAHULUAN
- LATAR BELAKANG PENUGASAN
Dasar pemikiran penyelenggaraan bimbingan dan konseling di Sekolah, bukan semata-mata terletak pada ada atau tidak adanya landasan hukum (perundang-undangan), namun yang lebih penting adalah menyangkut upaya memfasilitasi peserta didik yang selanjutnya disebut konseling, agar mampu mengembangkan potensi dirinya atau mencapai tugas-tugas perkembangannya (menyangkut aspek fisik, emosi, intelektual, sosial, dan moral-spiritual). Klien, adalah sebagai seorang individu yang sedang berada dalam proses berkembang atau menjadi (on becoming), yaitu berkembang ke arah kematangan atau kemandirian. Untuk mencapai kematangan tersebut, klien memerlukan bimbingan karena mereka masih kurang memiliki pemahaman atau wawasan tentang dirinya dan lingkungannya, juga pengalaman dalam menentukan arah kehidupannya. Disamping itu terdapat suatu keniscayaan bahwa proses perkembangan klien tidak selalu berlangsung secara mulus, atau bebas dari masalah. Dengan kata lain, proses perkembangan itu tidak selalu berjalan dalam alur linier, lurus, atau searah dengan potensi, harapan dan nilai- nilai yang dianut.
Perkembangan konseling tidak lepas dari pengaruh lingkungan, baik fisik, psikis maupun sosial. Sifat yang melekat pada lingkungan adalah perubahan. Perubahan yang terjadi dalam lingkungan dapat mempengaruhi gaya hidup. Apabila perubahan yang terjadi itu sulit diprediksi, atau di luar jangkauan kemampuan, maka akan melahirkan kesenjangan perkembangan perilaku klien, seperti terjadinya stagnasi (kemandegan) perkembangan, masalah-masalah pribadi atau penyimpangan perilaku. Pelayanan bimbingan dan konseling didasarkan kepada upaya pencapaian tugas perkembangan, pengembangan potensi, dan pengentasan masalah-masalah klien. Tugas-tugas perkembangan dirumuskan sebagai standar kompetensi yang harus dicapai konseling, sehingga pendekatan ini disebut juga bimbingan dan konseling.
Dalam pelaksanaannya, pendekatan ini menekankan kolaborasi antara konselor dengan para personal Sekolah atau Madrasah lainnya (pimpinan Sekolah atau Madrasah, guru-guru, dan staf administrasi), orang tua klien, dan pihak-pihak terkait lainnya (seperti instansi pemerintah atau swasta dan para ahli: psikolog dan dokter). Pendekatan ini terintegrasi dengan proses pendidikan di Sekolah atau Madrasah secara keseluruhan dalam upaya membantu para klien agar dapat mengembangkan atau mewujudkan potensi dirinya secara penuh, baik menyangkut aspek pribadi, sosial, belajar, maupun karir.
Atas dasar itu, maka implementasi bimbingan dan konseling di Sekolah atau Madrasah diorientasikan kepada upaya memfasilitasi perkembangan potensi klien, yang meliputi aspek pribadi, sosial, belajar, dan karir; atau terkait dengan pengembangan pribadi klien sebagai makhluk yang biologis, psikis, sosial, dan spiritual.
Untuk itu, pada semester tiga ini, kami mendapatkan tugas mata kuliah Bimbingan dan Konseling (BK) untuk melakukan observasi ke SMP atau SMA di daerah kami masing-masing untuk mengetahui bagaimana pelaksanaan Bimbingan dan Konseling di sekolah secara langsung, baik melalui teknik angket, wawancara, dan lain-lain. Karena bimbingan dan konseling di sekolah berhubungan langsung dengan konselor (pimpinan Sekolah atau Madrasah, guru-guru, dan staf administrasi) dan murid. Adapun pelaksanaan observasi yang saya lakukan, yaitu di SMA 1 Sale yang berlokasi di Jln. Jatirogo KM 5, Desa Wonokerto, Kecamatan Sale, Kabupatem Rembang 59265.
- PROFIL SEKOLAH
a) Identitas Sekolah
Nomor statistik Sekolah/Madrasah : 301031704012 NIS : 300070
1. a. Nama Sekolah/Madrasah : SMA Negri 1 Sale
2. Alamat :
a. Jalan : Jatirogo KM 5
b. Desa : Wonokerto
c. Kecamatan : Sale
d. Kabupaten : Rembang
e. Provinsi : Jawa Tengah
f. Kode Pos : 59265
g. Kode Area/No. Telp.fax : (0356) 551785 (E-mail : smanegeri1sale@yahoo.com)
3. Sekolah dibuka Tahun : 1992
4. Bentuk Sekolah : Biasa/Konvensional
5. Status Sekolah : Negeri
6. Waktu Penyelenggaraan : Pagi
7. Tahun Terakhir Sekolah Direnovasi : 2003
Sekolah/Madrasah Negeri
8. a. SK Terakhir Status Sekolah : No. 0216 Tgl/Bln/Thn : 5 Mei 1992
b. Keterangan SK : Penegrian
9. Nomor Kode Anggaran : 542292 KPKN : Pati
10. SK/izin pendirian sekolah dari Konwil Depdiknas/Depag : No. 0216092 Tgl/Bln/Thn : 5 Mei 1992
b) FASILITAS
1. Luas Tanah/Persil Yang Dikuasai Sekolah Menurut Status Kepemilikan dan Penggunaan
Status Pemilikan | Luas Tanah Seluruhnya | Penggunaan | |||||
Bangunan | Halaman/Taman | Lap. Olahraga | Kebun | Lain-lain | |||
Milik | Sertifikat | m2 | m2 | m2 | m2 | m2 | m2 |
Belum Sertifikat | 20,000 m2 | 1,72 m2 | 500 m2 | 1,225 m2 | 1,174 m2 | 15,379 m2 | |
Bukan Milik | m2 | m2 | m2 | m2 | m2 | m2 | |
2. a. Perlengkapan Sekolah/Madrasah.
Komputer | Mesin | Brankas | Filling Cabinet | Lemari | Rak Buku | Meja Guru | Kursi Guru | Meja Siswa | Kursi Siswa | |||
Ketik | Hitung | Stensil | Foto | |||||||||
21 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 14 | 4 | 40 | 39 | 483 | 690 | |
b. Perlengkapan Kegiatan Belajar Mengajar.
Kompoter | Printer | Internet | Rak Buku | L C D | TV/Audio | |
24 | 4 | 10 | 4 | - | 3 |
c. Ruang Menurut Jenis, Status Pemilikan, Kondisi dan Luas.
No. | Jenis Ruang | Milik | |||||
Baik | Rusak Ringan | Rusak Berat | |||||
Jml | Luas (m2) | Jml | Luas (m2) | Jml | Luas (m2) | ||
1. | Ruang Teori/Kelas | 12 | 768 | ||||
2. | Laboratorium IPA | 1 | 144 | ||||
3. | Laboratorium Biologi | ||||||
4. | Laboratorium Kimia | ||||||
5. | Laboratorium Fisika | 1 | 144 | ||||
6. | Laboratorium Bahasa | ||||||
7. | Laboratorium IPS | ||||||
8. | Laboratorium Komputer | 1 | 72 | ||||
9. | Ruang Perpustakaan | 1 | 120 | ||||
10. | Ruang Keterampilan | 1 | 81 | ||||
11. | Ruang Serba Guna | ||||||
12. | Ruang UKS | 1 | 12 | ||||
13. | Ruang Praktik Kerja | ||||||
14. | Bengkel | 1 | 24 | ||||
15. | Ruang Diesel | 1 | 12 | ||||
16. | Ruang Pameran | ||||||
17. | Ruang Gambar | ||||||
18. | Koperasi/Toko | 1 | 29 | ||||
19. | Ruang BP/BK | 1 | 12 | ||||
20. | Ruang Kepala Sekolah | 1 | 12 | ||||
21. | Ruang Guru | 1 | 48 | ||||
22. | Ruang TU | 1 | 48 | ||||
23. | Ruang OSIS | 1 | 12 | ||||
24. | Kamar Mandi/WC Guru | 5 | 26 | ||||
25. | Kamar Mandi/WC Murid | 9 | 42 | 3 | 6 | 1 | 4 |
26. | Gudang | 2 | 12 | ||||
27. | Ruang Ibadah | 1 | 77 | ||||
d. Mata Pelajaran Yang Diajarkan.
No. | Mata pelajaran |
1. | PKn |
2. | Pendidikan Agama
|
3. | Bahasa dan sastra Indonesia |
4. | Bahasa Inggris |
5. | Sejarah |
6. | Pendidikan Jasmani |
7. | Matematika |
8. | IPA
|
9. | IPS
|
10. | Pendidikan Seni |
11. | Bahasa Asing Lain
|
12. | Bimbingn Dan Konseling |
13. | Muatan lokal
|
14 | Kerajinan Tangan Dan Kesenian |
c) Jumlah guru yang mengajar di SMA 1 Sale terdapat 28 guru, termasuk guru tidak tetap dan honorer. Sedangkan untuk jumlah tenaga Administrasi terdapat 11 pegawai.
VISI DAN MISI SMA NEGERI 1 SALE
Jln. Jatirogo KM 5 Desa Wonokerto
VISI:
MAJU DALAM PENINGKATAN PRESTASI BERDASARKAN IMAN DAN TAQWA.
MISI:
- Membentuk generasi muda yang beriman, bertaqwa cendekia, berbudi pekerti luhur, cinta almameter.
- Terbentuknya KBM yang efektif dan efiien.
- Membina generasi muda untuk giat belajar dan kinerjanya tinggi.
- Meningkatkan mutu pendidikan yang mampu bersaing pada jenjang pendidikan yang lebih tinggi.
BAB 2
DATA, INFORMASI TEMUAN DI LAPANGAN
Dalam melakukan anilisis ini, penyusun menggunakan teknnik wawancara terhadap personil sekolah, dan teknik angket terhadap siswa.
- Wawancara dengan Bp. Sumarno, S.Pd. sebagai kepala sekolah SMA N 1 Sale:
- Menurut Bapak, bagaimana pelaksanaan BK di SMA Negeri 1 Sale ini?
Perlu sekali ditingkatkan, karena idealnya guru BK di satu sekolah itu 3 orang, sedangkan di SMA ini hanya tersedia guru BK 2 orang. Hal ini kurang seimbang jika dibandingkan dengan jumlah siswa.
- Upaya apa saja yang Bapak lakukan dalam melaksanakan tugas Bapak sebagai kepala sekolah dalam melaksanakan program bimbingan dan konseling?
-Pertama, mengoptimalkan fungsi Guru BK dalam hal pelayanan.
-Kedua, wali kelas dan guru mata pelajaran diharapkan bisa membantu dalam pelaksanaan program Bimbingan dan Konseling.
- Masalah tentang apa yang bapak ketahui sering muncul di kalangan siswa SMA Negeri 1 Sale ini?
-satu, masalah keterlambatan siswa setiap pagi. Hal ini bukan disebabkan oleh jarak antara rumah dan sekolah jauh, akan tetapi hal itu disebabkan oleh kurangnya kesadaran dari siswa itu sendiri. Biasanya ada sekitar 10 siswa terlambat setiap pagi, tapi sepertinya hari ini agak berkurang, sekitar 5 siswa terlambat.
-kedua, minat belajar rendah. Khususnya anak putra. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari minat belajar yang kurang dalam keseharian di kelas, dan daya tangkapnya berbeda dengan siswa putri.
-selanjutnya adalah kenakalan yang bersifat kriminal. contohny adalah pemalakan, baik yang bersifat sembunyi-sembunyi, maupun yang bersifat terang-terangan.
-dan yang keempat adalah masalah remaja atau pacaran, hal ini berpengaruh pada absensi siswa, baik putra maupun putri. Mereka sering membuat surat izin palsu, yang ditand tangani oleh mereka sendiri. Sekali dua kali memang tidak kelihatan, tapi ini berulang-ulang, dan akhirnya terungkap. Tapi sudah diatasi sejauh ini.
Pernah juga siswi sini, yang kasusnya terungkap sampai kemana-mana, yaitu dikabarkan sebagai kasus penculikan dengan perantara facebook, tapi akhirnya setelah dikembalikan kepada orang tua, ternyata hal ini atas dasar suka sama suka, ya sudah.
-merokok, dulu banyak sekali, tapi sekarang sudah diatasi dengan tuntas.
Hal hal seperti ini biasanya kami menyikapinya dengan memberlakukan aturan yang ada, yaitu skorisasi. untuk keasalahan tigakt ringan skornya mulai dari 1, sedangkan untuk kesalahan yang sampai berurusan dengan polisi, kami langsung memberikan skor 50.
Tapi kami juga melaksanakan pembinaan, selain itu juga pembinaan ortu. tahap pertama pemberitahuan terhadap masalah anaknya. Tahap kedua adalah peringatan yang lebih keras, kemudian yang ketiga adalah rambu-rambu terakhir untuk siswa dan orang tuanya.
- Seperti yang kita ketahui, siswa SMA N 1 Sale ini mempunyai potensi-potensi yang luar bisa di bidang akademik maupun non-akademik. Bagaimana pendapat Bapak tentang hal ini, dan apa saja upaya yang Bapak lakukan untuk mendukung hal tersebut?
-Ya, disamping banyaknya masalah-masalah siswa tersebut prestasi-prestasi yang diraih siswa sini juga cukup membanggakan. Kemarin saya baru saja mengantar siswa mengikuti olimpiade ekonomi di Semarang. Di tingkat kabupaten mendapat juara 3, tapi masih bisa ikut di tingkat provinsi. Fisika juga cukup membanggakan. Untuk bidang olahraga tidak usah diragukan lagi, untuk bola voly kita selalu mendapat juara 1 di tingkat kabupaten. Bulutangkis juga bagus selama ini.
-upaya: Kami memberikan pelayanan lebih tentunya kepada siswa-siswa tersebut. misalnya, untuk siswa lain peminjaman buku dibatasi waktunya, tapi untuk siswa yang berprestasi tersebut dipinjamkan buku secara permanen untuk menunjang prestasinya.
Yang kedua adalah memberikan beasiswa:
1. BKKM: Bantuan Khusus Keluarga Miskin, tapi tetap kami prioritaskan yang tidak mampu.
2. Beasiswa Prestasi, dan lain-lain.
Sedangkan untuk bidang non-akademis yaitu olahraga, kami memberikan penghargaan khuus, dan untuk pelatihan, mereka bisa dilatih khusus di ekstrakurikuler yang relevan.
- Pernahkah Bapak memberikan layanan bimbingan secara langsung baik dalam kondisi formal maupun tidak formal, kepada siswa SMA N 1 Sale?
Tentu saja pernah, yaitu berkaitan dengan peran saya sebagai:
-motivator
-edukator
contohnya yaitu saya memberikan dukungan, wejangan kepada anak-anak yang akan berangkat lomba, bukan anak yang bermasalah saja, tetapi juga anak-anak yang berprestasi. Selain itu, pernah juga saya memberikan bimbingan kepada anak-anak yang bermasalah, biasanya saya panggil lalu saya beri pengarahan,.
- Wawancara dengan Bp. Yudik Ruslan, S.Pd. sebagai Wakil Kepala SMA N 1 Sale Bidang Kurikulum:
- Menurut Bapak bagaimana teknik pelaksanaan BK diSMA Sale ini?
Masih kurang optimal. BK kan harusnya jemput ola, sebelum ada kasus BK bisa datang menjemput siswa. Hal ini karena guru BK mengampu Bidang yang lain, yaitu pak Agung sebagai perawat komputer di sekolah. Hal ini sangat menyita waktu dr beliau. Ada guru BK satunya, karena keterbatasan waktu dari Pak Agung, maka Bu Nur ini seperti kewalahan, tidak bisa full masuk ke kelas. Tapi keseluruhan masalah bisa diantisipasi.
- Upaya bapak dalam mensosialisasikan program BK ini?
Menenegaskan pada siswa, permasaahan-permasalahan non akademik maupun akademik bisa dikonsultasikan pada BK. Mungkin kesulitan belajar, atau masalah osial, yaitu dengan menceritakan pada guru BK tanpa ditutup-tutupi, kemudian gurur BK mencariakan solusinya. Dan guru BK mencari sebab sebab masalah. Jadi tidak terlambat karena masalah.
- Selama ini apakah ada siswa yang meminta layanan bimbingan kepada Anda?
Ada tentang kurikulum. Yaitu kurang puas terhadap penyampaian materi oleh guru. Metode penyampaian materinya kurang pas, kan siswa berbeda-beda, ada yang mudah menyerap materi, ada yang sulit. Jadi guru harus punya metode khusus.
- Sebenarnya siswa punya potensi yang sangat baik di bidang akademik maupun non-akademik, bagaimana bapak mendukung potensi tersebut?
Voly putri belum ada tandingannya, untuk ekstra banyak kendala karena untuk menjangkau sekolh kadang usah krenafaktor geografis. Ada ekstra menjahit, perakitan kompuuter, perbengkelan, dan lain-lain. Untuk kegiatan Karya ilmiah juga ada peningkatan. Setidaknya SMA sale selalu ikut lomba.
- Bagaimana pelaksanaan BK dihubungkan dengan kurikulum?
Untuk kegiatan BK ada satu jam utk bimbingan karier, untuk membntu siswa yang ingin melanjutkan ke pergruan tinggi. Kelas sepuluh sebelas ada pengembangan diri, tetapi sekarang diganti dengan Bahasa Inggris untuk kelas sepuluh, dan kelas sebelas semacam tata boga.
- Wawancara denganBp. Agung Dwi Wibowo, S.Psi, sebagai guru BK SMA N 1 Sale:
- Upaya apa saja yang Bapak lakukan berkaitan dengan fungsi pemahaman BK sekolah?
Mengenalkan fungsi BK di SMA dalam MOS, karena sebenarnya tidak ada jam khusus selain di dalam MOS itu sendiri. Tapi kadangkala, kalau ada jam kosong ya kita yang mengisi. Seperti itulah, tidak pasti.
- Apa saja upaya pencegahan terhadap timbulnya masalah-masalah siswa SMA N 1 Sale?
Ada pemberian pemahaan akan BK itu sendiri, pentingnya mereka menyelesaikan sekolah. Kita kaitkan dengan berbagai macam.
Kita memberi bantuan untuk mereka bisa menyelesaikan masalah mereka sendiri.
- Masalah apa saja (jenis masalah apa saja) yang sering muncul, dan jenis masalah seperti apa yang Bapak rasa sulit untuk di entaskan selama ini?
Saya kira belum ada yang saya rasa sulit dientaskan, selama itu masih dalam arti yang wajar, seperti penggunaan narkoba, dll.
Paling sering, ya biasa lah, pacaran. Sebenarnya bukan masalah, tapi menimbulkan masalah. Pertengkaran.
- Bagaimana Bapak mengupayakan pengembangan potensi-potensi siswa SMA N 1 Sale?
Memberi wacana tentang SDA di Sale, peluang-peluang yang bisa diambil dari hal tersebut di Sale.
Kita juga berkoordinasi dengan pihak kesiswaan untuk menyelenggarakan ekstrakurikuleryang berrkaitan dengan ketrampilan yang berhubugan dengan SDA disini. Misalnya pertukangan, menjahit, perbengkelan, dll.
- Strategi dasar atau pendekatan apa dalam pelaksanaan layanan bimbingan dan konseling yang diterapkan di SMA N 1 Sale?
Pendekatannya lebih condong ke pendekatan personal.
- Bagaimana dengan pelaksanaan layanan bmbingan itu sendiri? apakah:
a. Siswa sudah sering meminta bimbingan atau berkonsultasi dengan Bapak, atau justru sebaliknya?
Jarang, biasanya kita yang jemput bola. kecuali kelas XII yang datang untuk mencari info tentang pendaftaran masuk angkatan darat, kuliah, angkatan laut,dll.
b. Dalam bentuk perseorangan atau kelompok?
Perseorangan. kelompok pernah dilakukan, tapi ya itu tadi kendalanya kita tidak punya jam.
- Apakah di SMA N 1 Sale telah dilaksanakan dengan baik program tahunan dan program kegiatan layanan bagi setiap guru pembimbing?
Insyaallah.
- Dari evaluasi yang telah dilakukan, menurut bapak, bagaimana peningkatan dalam pelaksanaan program BK di SMA ini?
Cenderung bertahan, belum mampu menciptakan terobosan yang baru, belom bisa membuat loncatan.
- Menurut Bapak, bagaimana pelaksanaan BK di SMA N 1 Sale ini? Apakah ada hal yang perlu ditingkatkan?
Lebih ke tindakakn riil, bisa tes bakat, tes minat, tes intelegensi, karena data yang diperoleh belum mencukupi. Tapi sarana disini kurang memadai.
- Pernahkah Bapak melakukan kunjungan rumah ke rumah siswa? dan untuk keperluan apa saja?
Sering, karena sebagai profesi kami, kami harus menjalin hubungan baik dengan orang tua murid. Ada yang ke rumah siswa bermasalah, siswa berprestasi, ada yang ke rumah siswa yang biasa saja.
- Apakah semua personil sekolah dilibatkan dalam pelaksanaan program BK?
Kalau wajab tidak, nanti namanya program sekolah kalau yang menjalankan seluruh personil sekolah, bukan program BK lagi namanya.. Tapi tetap dikaitkan dengan program sekolah, karena semua kan saling terkait.
- Wawancara dengan Ibu Mustiningsih, S.Pd. sebagai guru mata pelajaran Bahasa Inggris:
- Bagaimana pendapat Ibu tentang pelaksanaan BK di SMA N 1 Sale ini? Apakah sudah baik, atau mungkin ada hal-hal yang perlu ditingkatkan?
Pelaksanaanya secara umum sudah cukup baik, tapi masih harus terus dikembangkan, dari segi pelayanan mungkin, dan juga fasilitas anak.
- Sebagai guru mata pelajaran, Ibu pasti tahu potensi-potensi siswa SMA N 1 Sale, lalu bagaimana Ibu menyikapinya, dan bagaimana pula bentuk dukungan terhadap potensi-potensi tersebut?
Saya memberi gambaran pada anak, kalau kamu punya minat di bidang ini ya tekuni, begitu.
- Masalah apa saja yang sering muncul di kalangan siswa, dan bentuk bimbingan yang bagaimana yang ibuk lakukan untuk mengatasi masalah-masalah itu?
Masalah pribadi. Ya remaja ada, keluarga ada.
Kalau masalah sekolah, ada anak yang keberatan dalam hal finansial, tapi mereka niatnya tinggi, dan anaknya lumayan pintar. Tapi ya itu tadi terbentur ekonomi. Secara umum, antara saya pribadi, kalau putri minat belajar ada, tapi yang putra, perlu ditingkatkan. Saya menemukan anak per anak, mengklarifikasi. tapi kalalu masalah finansial saya mencarikan celah untuk beasiswa. Jadi hubunganya dengan guru BK.
- Apakah siswa SMA N 1 Sale sudah sering meminta bimbingan atau berkonsultasi kepada Ibu?
Ya ada mbak terutama berkenaan dengan saya walinya. Kalaupun mereka tidak curhat, saya yang mencari informasi, kan kelihatan kalau anak itu sedang punya masalah, saya yang mencari tahu.
- Bagaimana Ibu membudayakan layanan atau program bimbingan dan konseling dalam pelajaran Bahasa Inggris?
Kalau saya melihat anak memendam masalhnya sendiri, lbh baik sharing, memfasilitasi sharing anak antara saya dan BK.
- Bagaimana peran Ibu sebagai guru mata pelajaran Bahasa Inggris dalam pelaksanaan program BK di SMA N 1 Sale ini?
Saya lebih memberi dorongan dorongan kepada anak untuk memecahkan masalahnya secara bersama-sama. mengarahkan, begitu.
- Wawancara dengan Bp. A. Mutohar, S.Pd, sebagai guru mata pelajaran Bahasa Inggris:
- Bagaimana pendapat Bapak tentang pelaksanaan BK di SMA N 1 Sale ini? Apakah sudah baik, atau mungkin ada hal-hal yang perlu ditingkatkan?
Saya kira ini makin baik dari tahun ke tahun, mungkin sedikit demi sedikit untuk kedepannya. Siswa sini dulu sulit dikendalikan dalam segi sikap, nah sekarang ini semakin bisa dikendalikan.
- Sebagai guru mata pelajaran, Bapak pasti tahu potensi-potensi siswa SMA N 1 Sale, lalu bagaimana Bapak menyikapinya, dan bagaimana pula bentuk dukungan terhadap potensi-potensi tersebut?
Banyak hal, mungkin dengan pelatihan baik yang bersifat personal maupun kelompok, akademik maupun non akademik, cara mendukukngnya yaitu bisa diikutkan lomba atau pelatihan khusus.
- Masalah apa saja yang sering muncul di kalangan siswa, dan bentuk bimbingan yang bagaimana yang Bapak lakukan untuk mengatasi masalah-masalah itu?
Kadang-kadang anak nakal. pemalakan, tapi sudah ditindak lanjuti.
- Apakah siswa SMA N 1 Sale sudah sering meminta bimbingan atau berkonsultasi kepada Bapak?
Mengatasi dengan sikap persuasif. Kalau disekolah anak itu nakal, biasanya dirumah dia punya masalah, nah itu didekati. Sering ada yang curhat, anak usia itu adalah dalam proses mencari jatidiri. Kita menggiring mereka supaya mereka tahu bahwa itu tidak boleh. Anak-anak kita beri kesempatan, kita persilakan untuk sharing dan memecahkan masalahnya.
- Bagaimana Bapak membudayakan layanan atau program bimbingan dan konseling dalam pelajaran Bahasa Inggris?
Kita membuka tempat curhat, intinya tidak hanya guru BK, tapi semua, sampai akhirnya mereka nantinya bisa menyelesaikan masalahnya sendiri dengan bijaksana.
- Bagaimana peran Bapak sebagai guru mata pelajaran Bahasa Inggris dalam pelaksanaan program BK di SMA N 1 Sale ini?
Intinya kita membuka kesempatan bagi siswa untuk curhat tidak hanya pada guru BK saja, tidak hanya kepada guru Bahasa Inggris saja, tapi semua guru di SMA N 1 Sale ini.
- Wawancara dengan Bp. Susanta, S.Pd. sebagai guru mata pelajaran Bahasa Inggris:
- Bagaimana pendapat Ibu tentang pelaksanaan BK di SMA N 1 Sale ini? Apakah sudah baik, atau mungki ada hal-hal yang perlu ditingkatkan?
Jawaban saya, kurang baik, perlu ditingkatkan, karena guru BK disini tidak efektif mengajar BK karena satu orang mengurusi komputer. Guru BK tersebut jarang menangani siswa yang bermasalah.
- Sebagai guru mata pelajaran, Bapak pasti tahu potensi-potensi siswa SMA N 1 Sale, lalu bagaimana Bapak menyikapinya, dan bagaimana pula bentuk dukungan terhadap potensi-potensi tersebut?
Siswa yang berpotensi direkrut untuk mengikuti bimbingan khusus, mendapatkan pelatihan khusus dari guru pembimbing sehingga anak tersebut dapat dioptimalkan potensinya.
- Masalah apa saja yang sering muncul di kalangan siswa, dan bentuk bimbingan yang bagaimana yang ibuk lakukan untuk mengatasi masalah-masalah itu?
Anak sering bolos. Satu faktor geografis, faktor kendaraan. Anak tawuran, berkelahi baik dengan teman sesama SMA maupun dari luar. Untuk yang lain saya tidak tahu, lebih detilnya BK yang tahu.
- Apakah siswa SMA N 1 Sale sudah sering meminta bimbingan atau berkonsultasi kepada Bapak?
Tidak pernah.
- Bagaimana Ibu membudayakan layanan atau program bimbingan dan konseling dalam pelajaran Bahasa Inggris?
Anak yang bermasalah saya panggil, saya wawancarai khusus, saya tanya masalah apa yang dihadapi, kemudian saya ikut membantu memecahkan masalah di sela-sela saya mengajar.
- Bagaimana peran Ibu sebagai guru mata pelajaran Bahasa Inggris dalam pelaksanaan program BK di SMA N 1 Sale ini?
Sebagai fasilitator, dalam arti memfasilitasi siswa yang bermasalah, menyediakan waktu. Sebagai moderator, menjembatani siswa dengan orang tua. Misal ada anak bermasalah, orangtuanya dipanggil, yang menjembatani guru. Nah itu, guru sebagai perantara, mediator. Tapi tidak sedetil seperti guru BK. Guru BK harus lebih proaktif, jemput bola menangan siswa yang bermasalah tanpa menunggu ada laporan.
- Wawancara dengan Ibu Dra. Sri Yuliani sebagai guru mata pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia:
- Bagaimana pendapat Ibu tentang pelaksanaan BK di SMA N 1 Sale ini? Apakah sudah baik, atau mungkin ada hal-hal yang perlu ditingkatkan?
Selama ini, tentang penanganan anak-anak yang bermasalah ya langsung ditangani. dikatakan baik ya baik, tapi itu relatif. Ya sudah di sesuaikan dengan aturan yang berlaku. Tetapi kalau kegiatan yang lain, ada anak yang mempunyai masalah mau mengakui punya masalah, ada yang tidak. Ada anak yang minta izin ke saya untuk tidak ikut jam tambahan untuk menyelesaikan urusannya dengan pacarnya. Nah ini berarti tidak pernah curhat ke BP. Kemungkinan masih ada anak yang menganggap bahwa BK itu polisi sekolah, masih takut untuk curhat kesitu siswa. Kadang karena kurang percaya jadi tidak mau mengungkapkan.
Perlu sekali ditingkatkan, mungkin sekarang ini masih perlu peningkatan, karena dibutuhkan pengalaman dari guru BK itu sendiri kususnya yang baru. Kan untuk guru tidak hanya ilmu saja, tetapi pengalaman juga akan mendukung.
- Sebagai guru mata pelajaran, Ibu pasti tahu potensi-potensi siswa SMA N 1 Sale, lalu bagaimana Ibu menyikapinya, dan bagaimana pula bentuk dukungan terhadap potensi-potensi tersebut?
Upaya sekolah pasti ada. Dorongan dari bapak ibu guru juga ada. Yang non akademik baik, pasti mendapat juara, apalagi voly. Untuk bidang Bahasa Indonesia, misalnya, juara atau harapan pasti dapat.
- Masalah apa saja yang sering muncul di kalangan siswa, dan bentuk bimbingan yang bagaimana yang ibu lakukan untuk mengatasi masalah-masalah itu?
Motivasi belajar yang kurang. Pengelolaan kelas harus ditingkatkan. Jadi kesadaran untuk bisa itu kurang.
- Apakah siswa SMA N 1 Sale sudah sering meminta bimbingan atau berkonsultasi kepada Ibu?
Biasanya dengan BK, kalau sama saya ya cuma waktu itu, karena dia mau minta izin untuk tidak masuk tambahan jam.
- Bagaimana Ibu membudayakan layanan atau program bimbingan dan konseling dalam pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia?
Saya belum tahu secara mendetail. Selama ini hanya tentang BKM, siapa yang kira-kira berhak mendapat BKM itu. Kalau ada anak yang kelihatanya punya masalah, ya kita lapor ke wali kelas atau ke BK.
Menurut saya, BK wajib masuk kelas supaya tahu bagaimana siswa sehari-hari, begitu. Kadang kita menyampaikan, tapi anggapan anak-anak itu ke BK adalah anak-anak yang bermasalah. Mungkin itu adalah kurangnya sosialisasi, mungkin pas upacara, atau apa.
- Bagaimana peran Ibu sebagai guru mata pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia dalam pelaksanaan program BK di SMA N1 Sale ini?
Kita hanya mengarahkan, memberi informasi tambahan berkaitan dengan siswa, tentang anak-anak yang berhak mendapat beasiswa. Sebatas itu saja.
- Wawancara dengan Bp. Nanang Hariyono, S.H, S.Pd, sebagai Kepala Tata Usaha SMA N 1 Sale:
- Menurut Bapak, bagaimana pelaksanaan BK di sekolah ini? Apakah sudah baik atau masih perlu ditingkatkan?
Sudah berjalan, tapi perlu ditingkatkan. Jadi, latar belakang anak kan berbeda-beda. Ada yang orang tuanya bisa mengarahkan, tapi ada yang seolah-olah tidak mau tahu. Jadi anak lebih mudah terpengaruh oleh kawan yang beretika kurang benar yang biasanya pengaruh buruk. Yang baik itu justru sulit.
- Bantuan dalam bentuk apa saja yang pernah Bapak lakukan dalam pengadministrasian kegiatan BK di Sekolah?
Ya hanya sumbang saran mbak, contoh, anak kalau masuk TU kadang kurang sopan, memanggil guru dari jauh. Kalau semua staff di sekolah ini di hadapan siswa kan orangtua mbak, nah, sikap anak itulah yang sering saya tekankan untuk diperbaiki. Cara konsultasi, dan lain-lain.
Semua administrasi, yang mengerjkan BK, sini hanya pelaporannya.
- Apakah ada siswa yang meminta layanan bimbingan kepada Bapak?
Selama ini belum pernah. Tahunya mereka TU bukan untuk berkonsultasi, larinya ya ke BK itu.
- Masalah apa saja yang sering muncul di kalangan siswa SMA N 1 Sle ini?
Kenakalan siswa, ya sudah ditindak lanjuti. Sellu skolah menekankan, bahkan setiap senin kan sedah di evaluasi bagaimana pelaksanaan belajar. Tapi masalahnya ya itu tadi, disekolah mungkin di terapkan, tapi diluar, sudah lupa seolah-olah. Padahal maksud sekolah itu ditanamkan di sekolah untuk dilakukan dimanapun dan kapanpun. Maka, orang tua juga harus ikut berperan. Itu sangat dbutuhkan.
- Dalam rangka mengembangkan potensi-potensi siswa, apa yang Bapak lakukan sebagai salah staff Tata Usaha, sekaligus sebagai salah satu personel sekolah?
Hanya sumbang saran. Ya mungkin dukungan.
- Wawancara dengan Ibu Mustiningsih, S.Pd sebagai Wali Kelas XII IPS 3 sekaligus guru mata pelajaran Bahasa Inggris:
- Apa upaya Ibu sebagai wali kelas dalam memberikan informasi atau kesempatan bagi siswa untuk mengikuti layanan BK?
Memberi tahu pada siswa, bahwa BK tidak hanya untuk siswa yang bermasalah saja, namun dari BK itu kita bisa memperoleh hal lain dari sana.
- Sudahkah siswa SMA N 1 Sale meminta layanan bimbingan dari Ibu dalam rangka melaksanakan layanan BK baik secara individu, kelompok, dalam situasi formal atau non formal?
Ada yg sukarela, ada yang harus dipancing dulu.
- Pernahkah terjadi kasus siswa yang sulit dientaskan sehingga Ibu dan staff lainnya harus mengatasinya dengan ekstra, misalnya konferensi kasus atau yang lainnya?
Belum pernah, selama ini masih wajar-wajar saja.
- Masalah tentang apa yang sering muncul di kalangan siswa SMA N 1 Sale ini? Bagaimana Ibu menanganinya?
- Kita tahu bahwa sebenarnya siswa-siswa SMA N 1 Sale ini mempunyai potensi-potensi yang tidak kalah dengan SMA lain. Potensi apa saja yang sedang atau telah atau akan dikembangkan oleh Ibu dan personel sekolah yang lain?
Berhubungan dengan olahraga, tolak peluru, dan lain-lain. yang akademik ya mungkin cuma satu dua orang.
- Wawancara dengan Ibu Dra. Munifah sebagai Wali kelas XII IPS 2, sekaligus guru mata pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam:
- Menurut Ibu, bagaimana pelaksanaan BK di SMA N 1 Sale ini? Apakah sudah baik, atau masih ada yang perlu diperbaiki?
Ada yang sudah baik, dan ada yang kurang. Kurangnya, kadang-kdand baju tidak dimasukan dengan rapi, anak laki-laki terutama. Mereka membawa dua buah celana. Kalau ada operasi mereka ganti. Masalah siswa, anak jarang berkonsultasi karena kurangnya asas kerahasiaan. Ada pihak lain tahu, jadi siswa tidak percaya untuk curhat kepada BK. Bk harus proaktif, tidak menunggu laporan adanya masalah di kalangan siswa. Jadi BK harus bisa aktif.
- Apa upaya Ibu sebagai wali kelas dalam memberikan informasi atau kesempatan bagi siswa untuk mengikuti layanan BK?
Sering saya memberikan pengertian pada siswa, kalau ada masalah ke BK, sharing disana. Biasanya siswa curhatnya ke wali kelas dulu, kemudian baru ke BK, curhat.
- Sudahkah siswa SMA N 1 Sale meminta layanan bimbingan dari Ibu dalam rangka melaksanakan layanan BK baik secara individu, kelompok, dalam situasi formal atau non formal?
Sering.
- Pernahkah terjadi kasus siswa yang sulit dientaskan sehingga Ibu dan staff lainnya harus mengatasinya dengan ekstra, misalnya konferensi kasus atau yang lainnya?
Ada, itu masalah antar siswa, perseteruan. Sudah saya damaikan, di pertemukan, sudah maaf-maafan, tapi tetap masih diam-diaman, itu anak putri.
- Masalah tentang apa yang sering muncul di kalangan siswa SMA N 1 Sale ini? Bagaimana Ibu menanganinya?
Masalah keuangan ada kalau di kelas saya, yaitu siswa sering menunda. Tapi mereka membayar sebelum tes itu langsung lunas. Tidak tahu motifnya apa.
Kalau masalah pacaran, tergantung individunya, kalau pacaran dipakai untuk menambah spirit belajar, ya baik.
Kalau masalah belajar, ada yang pas pelajaran tidur karena malamnya begadang. Anak itu pernah saya tanya, alasanya adalah kurang diprhatikan orang tua.
- Kita tahu bahwa sebenarnya siswa-siswa SMA N 1 Sale ini mempunyi potensi-potensi yang tidak kalah dengan SMA lain.
a. Bagaimana Ibu membantu mengembangkan potensi-potensi mereka, baik itu di bidang akademik maupun non akademik?
Ikut mendukung.
b. Potensi apa saja yang sedang atau telah atau akan dikembangkan oleh Ibu dan personel sekolah yang lain?
Voly, MTQ, kalau MTQ itu kendalanya tidak ada ekstra, ya mereka latihan sendiri. Kalau ada yang punya bakat ya saya dekati, saya bimbing. Dulu banyak yang menang lomba sampai provinsi.
BAB 3
KAJIAN PUSTAKA
- Pengertian Bimbingan dan Konseling
- Bimbingan adalah proses pemberian bantuan yang dilakukan oleh seorang yang ahli kepada seseorang atau beberapa orang individu, baik anak-anak, remaja, maupun dewasa, agar orang yang dibimbing dapat a mengembangkan kemampuan dirinya sendiri dan mandiri, dengan memanfaatkan kekuatan individu yang ada dan dapat dikembangkan berdasarkan norma-norma yang berlaku.
- Sedangkan pengertian dari Konseling adalah suatu proses memberi bantuan yang dilakukan melalui wawancara konseling oleh seorang ahli (yang disebut konselor) kepada individu yang sedang mengalami suatu masalah (disebut klien) yag bermuara pada teratasinya masalah yang dihadapi oleh klien.
- Latar Belakang Perlunya Bimbingan dan Konseling
1. Latar belakang psikologis
Sebagai pribadi-pribadi yang unik, terdapat perbedaan individual antara siswa satu dengan siswa yang lainnya. Selain itu, akibat dari proes belajar, senantiasa terjadi adanya perubahan tingkah laku.Hal-hal tersebut, secara langsung aupun tidak langsung sering menimbulkan masalah-masalah seperti dibawah ini:
a. Masalah perkembangan individu
b. Masalah perbedaan individu
c. Masalah kebutuhan individu
d. Masalah penyesuaian diri
e. Masalah Belajar
2. Latar belakang sosial budaya
Perubahan-perubahan dalam bidang sosial, politik, budaya, dan psikologis setiap orang, baik sebagai pribadi maupun sebagai anggota masyarakat dan membawa pengaruh besar terhadap perikehidupan dan perkembangan anak-anak dan remaja. Dalam kaitan ini, sekolah menanggung akibat dari berbagai perubahan tersebut. Oleh sebab itu, sekolah harus bertanggung jawab untuk mendidik dan menyiapkan siswa agar berhasil menyesuaikan diri di masyarakat dan memecahkan masalah yang dihadapinya dengan bijaksana, melalui layanan bimbingan dan konseling.
3. Latar Belakang Paedagogis
Menurut tujuan inti dari pendidikan, yaitu untuk membentuk suatu perkembangan kepribadian secara optimal dari setiap anak didik sebagai seorang pribadi, pendidikan diarahkan ke arah tercapainya pribadi-pribadi yang berkembang optimal sesuai dengan potensi masing-masing. Kegiatan pendidikan yang seperti disebutkan di atas, mempunyai ciri pengadministrasian yang baik, kurikulum beserta proses belajar pembelajaran yang memadai, dan layanan pribadi kepada anak didik melalui bimbingan. Hal ini meliputi:
a. Perkembangan pendidikan
Salah satu ciri perkembangan pendidikan adalah adanya perubahan-perubahan dalam berbagai komponen sistem pendidikan seperti kurikulum, strategi pembelajaran, alat bantu belajar, sumber-sumber, dan sebagainya. Diharapkan siswa dapat menyesuaikan diri dengan segala perkembangan pendidikan yang terjadi yang akan dibantu melalui layanan bimbingan dan konseling.
b. Peranan guru
Guru hendaknya mengenal dan memahami tingkat perkembangan anak didik, sistem motivasi/kebutuhan, pribadi, kecakapan, kesehatan mental, dan sebagainya. Namun, disamping itu, guru juga harus mengenal dan memahami dirinya. Untuk memahami siswa, pertama-tama guru juga harus mempunyai informasi yang cukup untuk dirinya sehubungan dengan peranannya, pekerjaan, kebutuhan, dan motivasinya, kesehatan mentalnya, dan tingkat kecakapan yang harus dimilikinya.
- Kedudukan BK dalam pendidikan
BK merupakan salah satu bagian yang terintegrasi dalam pendidikan untuk membantu tercapainya tujuan pendidikan yaitu perkembangan siswa secara optimal sesuai dengan kemampuan, minat, bakat, dan potensi masing-masing peserta didik. Dalam pelaksanaan proses pendidikan di sekolah, ada 3 cakupan yang harus ada yaitu bidang administrasi dan supervisi, bidang kurikulum, dan bidang layanan bimbingan dan konseling., dan ketiganya saling terkait.
- Tujuan Bimbingan dan Konseling
1. Tujuan Umum
Tujuan umum BK pada dasarnya adalah membantu individu memperkembangkan diri secara optimal sesuai dengan tahap perkembangan dan predeposisi yang dimilikinya, serta sesuai dengan tuntutan positif lingkungannya.
2. Tujuan Khusus
Tujuan khusus BK merupakan penjabaran dari tujuan umum, disesuaikan dengan tujuan penyelesaian masalah klien. Karena masalah dari masing-masing individu berbeda-beda, maka tujuan khusus bimbingan dan konseling berbeda-beda pula.
- Asas-asas Bimbingan dan Konseling
1. Asas kerahasiaan 7. Asas kedinamisan
2. Asas kesukarelaan 8. Asas keterpaduan
3. Asas keterbukaan 9. Asas kenormatifan
4. Asas kekinian 10. Asas keahlian
5. Asas kemandirian 11. Asas alih tangan
6. Asas kegiatan 12. Asas tut wuri handayani
- Fungsi Bimbingan dan Konseling
1. Fungsi Pemahaman
Fungsi pemahaman ini mencakup:
a. Pemahaman tentang klien
b. Pemahaman tentang masalah klien
c. Pemahaman tentang lingkungan yang lebih luas
2. Fungsi Pencegahan
Arti dari fungsi pencegahan adalah mencegah timbulnya masalah. Layanan yang diberikan berupa bantuan bagi para siswa agar terhindar dari berbagai masalah yang dapat menghambat perkembangannya. Kegiatan pencegahan tersebut dapat berupa program orientasi, program bimbingan karier, inventarisasi data, dan sebagainya.
3. Fungsi Pengentasan, yaitu pengentasan terhadap masalah siswa.
4. Fungsi Pemeliharaan dan Pengembangan
Fungsi ini berarti bahwa layanan bimbingan dan konseling yang diberikan dapat membantu para klien dalam memelihara dan mengembangkan keseluruhan pribadinya secara mantap, terarah dan berkelanjutan. Dalam fungsi ini, hal-hal yang dipandang positif dijaga agar tetap baik dan mantap, agar klien dapat memelihara dan mengembangkan berbagai potensi dan kondisi yang positif dalam rangka perkembangan dirinya secara mantap dan berkelanjutan.
- Prinsip-Prinsip Bimbingan dan Konseling
1. Prinsip Umum
a. Sikap dan tingkah laku individu itu terbentuk dari segala aspek kepribadian yang unik dan ruwet.
b. Perbedaan individual ialah untuk memberikan bimbingan yang tepat sesuai dengan apa yang dibutuhkan oleh individu yang bersangkutan.
c. Bimbingan harus berpusat pada individu yang dibimbing.
d. Masalah yang tidak dapat diselesaikan oleh sekolah harus dialihtangankan kepada individu atau lembaga yang yang mampu dan berwenang melakukannya.
e. Bimbingan harus dimulai dengan identifikasi kebutuhan-kebutuhan yang dirasakan oleh individu yang dibimbing.
f. Bimbingan harus fleksibel sesuai dengan program pendidikan pendidikan sekolah yang bersangkutan.
g. Pelaksanaan program bimbingan harus dipimpin oleh seorang petugas yang memiliki keahlian dalam bidang bimbingan sanggup bekerjasama dengan para pembantunya serta dapat dan bersedia mempergunakan sumber-sumber yang berguna di sekolah.
h. Terhadap program bimbingan harus senantiasa diadakan penilaian yang teratur untuk mengetahui sampai dimana hasil dan manfaat yang diperoleh serta penyesuaian antara pelaksanaan dan rencana yang dirumuskan terdahulu.
2. Prinsip Khusus
a. Prinsip-prinsip yang berkenaan dengan sasaran layanan
- Bimbingan dan Konseling (BK) melayani tanpa memandang umur, jenis kelamin, suku, agama, dan status sosial ekonomi.
- BK berurusan dengan pribadi dan tingkah laku individu yang unik dan dinamis.
- BK memperhatikan tahap dan aspek perkmbangan individu.
- BK memberikan perhatian utama kepada perbedaan individual yang menjadi orientasi pokok pelayanannya.
b. Prinsip-prinsip yang berkenaan dengan permasalahan individu
- BK berurusan dengan hal-hal tentang kondisi mental/fisik individu terhadap penyesuaian dirinya di rumah, di sekolah, serta dalam kaitannya dengan kontak sosial dan pekerjaan, dan sebaliknya pengaruh lingkungan terhadap kondisi mental dan fisik individu.
- Kesenjangan sosial, ekonomi, dan kebudayaan merupakan faktor timbulnya masalah pada individu dan kesemuanya menjadi perhatian utama pelayanan bimbingan.
c. Prinsip-prinsip yang berkenaan dengan program layanan
- BK merupkan integral dari pendidikan dan pengembangan individu, karena itu program bimbingan harus disesuaikan dan dipadukan dengan program pendidikan serta pengembangan peerta didik.
- Program BK harus fleksibel disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan individu , masyarakat, dan kondisi lembaga.
- Program BK disusun secara berkelanjutan dari jenjang pendidikan yang terendah smapai yang tertinggi.
- Terhadap isi dan pelaksanaan program BK perlu adanya penilaian yang teratur dan terarah.
d. Prinsip-prinsip yang berkenaan dengan pelaksanaan pelayanan
- BK harus diarahkan untuk pengembangan individu yang akhirnya mampu membimbing diri sendiri dalam menghadapi permasalahan.
- Dalam proses bimbingan dan konseling keputusan yang diambil dan hendak dilakukan oleh individu hendaknya atas kemauan pribadi, bukan karena desakan dari pihak lain.
- Permasalahan individu harus ditangani oleh tenaga ahli di bidang yang relevan.
- Kerjasama antara pembimbing, guru, dan orang tua amat menentukan hasil pelayanan bimbingan.
- Pengembangan program pelayanan BK ditempuh melalui pemanfaatan yang maksimal dari hasil pengukuran dan penilaian terhadap individu yang terlibat dalam proses pelayanan BK itu sendiri.
- Orientasi Bimbingan dan Konseling
1. Orientasi Perseorangan
Orientasi perseorangan bibingan dan konseling disini menitikberatkan pandangan pada siswa secara individual. Satu persatu siswa perllu mendapat perhatian.
2. Orientasi Perkembangan
orientasi perkembangan ini lebih menekankan pentingnyaperanan perkembangan yang terjadi pada saat ini dan nanti yang akan terjadi pada diri individu di masa yang akan datang.
3. Orientasi Permasalahan
Dalam kaitannya dengan fungsi-fungsi bimbigan dan konseling, orientasi masalah secara langsung bersangkut paut dengan fungsipencegahan dan fungsi pengentaskan.
- Pola-Pola Bimbingan
1. Pola Generalis
Seluruh staff pendidik dapat menyumbang pada pengembangan pada perkembangan kepribadian masing-masing siswa.
2. Pola Spesialis
Bimbingan di institusi ditangani langsung oleh ahli.
3. Pola Kurikuler
Kegiatan bimbingan dimasukkan dalam kurikulum pengajaran,dalam bentuk suatu pengajaran khusus dalam rangka suatu kursus bimbingan.
4. Pola Relasi-Relasi Manusia dan Kesehatan Mental.
Peningkatan kerjasama antara anggota-anggota staf pendidik di institusi pendidikan dan integrasi sosial di antara peerta didik dengan staf pendidik.
- Pendekatan-Pendekatan dan Strategi Dasar
1. Edukatif versus Direktif
2. Kumulatif versus Pelayanan
3. Evaluasi Diri versus Orang Lain
4. Kebutuhan Individu versus Kebutuhan Lingkungan
5. Penilaian Subyektif versus Penilaian Obyektif
6. Komprehensif versus Berfokus pada satu aspek
7. Koordinatif versus spesialistik
- Pola Dasar 17
1. Aspek pengetahuan wawasan bimbingan dan konseling meliputi: Konsep dasar, fungsi, landasan, asas dan prinsip bimbingan dan konseling.
2. Aspek bidang bimbingan yakni: bidang bimmbingan pribadi, sosial, belajar, dan karier.
3. Aspek layanan meliputi: layanan informasi, orientasi, penempatan penyaluran, pembelajaran, konseling perorangan, bimbingan kelompok, dan konseling kelompok.
4. Kegiatan pendukung yaitu: aplikasi instrumentasi himpunan data, konferensi kasus, kunjungan rumah dan alih tangan kasus.
· Layanan Bimbingan dan Konseling
1. Layanan Orientasi : Fungsi pemahaman dan pencegahan
2. Layanan Informasi : Fungsi pemahaman dan pencegahan
3. Layanan penempatan/penyaluran : Fungsi pencegahan dan pemeliharaan
4. Layanan Pembelajaran : Fungsi pemeliharaan dan pengembangan
5. Fungsi Layanan Konseling Perorangan : Fungsi pengentasan
6. Layanan Bimbingan Kelompok : Fungsi pemahaman dan pengembangan
7. Layanan Konseling Kelompok : Funngsi pengentasan
- Jenis-Jenis Masalah Siswa di Sekolah Menengah
· Pengertian masalah
Masalah adalah ketidaksesuaian antara harapan dan kenyataan.
· Ciri-ciri masalah:
a. Masalah timbul karena ada kesenjangan harapan (das sollens) dan kenyataan (das sein).
b. Semakin besar kesenjangan, maka masalah semakin berat.
c. Tiap kesenjangan yang terjadi dapat menimbulkan persepsi yang berbeda-beda.
d. Masalah muncul sebagai perilaku yang tidak dikehendaki oleh individu itu sendiri maupun oleh lingkungan.
e. Masalah timbul akibat dari proses belajar yang keliru.
f. Masalah memerlukan berbagai pertanyaan dasar (basic question) yang perlu dijawab.
g. Masalah dapat bersifat individual maupun kelompok.
· Jenis-jenis masalah:
1. Masalah Emosi
Dalam layanan bimbingan dan konseling kelompok anak dapat berlatih bagaimana cara menjadi pendengar yang baik, bagaimana cara mengemukakan masalah, bagaimana cara mengendalikan diri baik dalam menanggapi masalah sesama anggota maupun mengemukakan masalahnya sendiri.
2. Masalah Penyesuaian Diri
Salah satu tugas yang paling sulit pada masa remaja adalah yang berhubungan dengan penyesuaian sosial.
3. Masalah Perilaku Seksual
Untuk menanggulangi dan mengatasi maslah tersebut, sekolah hendaknya melakukan tindakan-tindakan nyata, misalnya pendidikan seks.
4. Masalah Perilaku Sosial
Tada-tanda masalah erilaku sosial pada remaja dapat dilihatdari adanya diskriminasi trhdap mereka yang berlatar belakang ras, agama, atau sosial ekonomi yang berbeda. Sekolah harus mmperlakukan siswa secara sama, tidak membeda-bedakan siswa satu dengan siswayang lain.
5. Masalah Moral
Masalah moral yang terjadi pada remaja ditandai oleh adanya ketidak mampuan remaja membedakan mana yang benar dan mana yang salah, karena ketidak konsistenan dalam konsp benar dan salah yang ditemukan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Sekolah sebaiknya, menyelenggarakan brbagai kegiatan keagamaan dan pendidikan budi pekerti
6. Masalah Keluarga
Metode disiplin yang diterapkan oleh orang tua terlalukaku da cederung otoriter akan dapat menimbulkan masalah.
- Manajemen Program Bimbingan dan Konseling di Sekolah
· Program yang sistematis selalu mengacu pada prinsip-prinsip sebagai berikut:
a. Program bimbingan dan konseling dirancang untuk melayani kebutuhan siswa.
b. Program bimbingan dan konseling merupakan bagian terpadu dari keseluruhan prgram pendidikan di sekolah.
c. Tujuan program harus dirumuskan secara jelas dan eksplisit(operasional) dan menunjang pencapaian keseluruhan tujuan program bimbingan dan konseling.
d. Pelaksanaan program perlu melibatkan seluruh staff sekolah.
e. Personil BK perlu diidentifikasi dan tugas-tugas serta tanggung jawabnya harus dirumuskan.
f. Segala sumber daya perlu ditemukan untuk mencapai tujuan program.
g. Dari keperluan-keperluan untuk penyelenggaraan pelayanan BK, dua hal yang esensial adalah: data pribadi siswa untuk pemahaman diri dan bahan informasi untuk perencanaan pendidikan dan pengambilan keputusan.
h. Perlu penerapan ancangan sistem dalam pengembangan program dan pemecahan masalah pengelolaan.
i. Dukungan dan pelibatan masyarakat sekitar harus diusahakan sejauh mungkin demi kelancaran penyelenggaraan program dan tercapainya tujuan (Munandir, 1996).
· Pendekatan dan Metode Evaluasi Pelaksanaan Program Bimbingan dan Konseling
1. Pendekatan metode survei
2. Pendekatan dan Metode Eksperimen
3. Studi Kasus
4. Supervisi Kegiatan Bimbingan dan Konseling
· Peranan Guru dalam Pelayanan Bimbingan dan Konseling
a. Guru sebagai informator, yaitu menginformasikan berbagai hal tentang layanan bimbingan dan konseling kepada siswa.
b. Guru sebagai fasilitator. Gurulah yang memahami kemampuan belajar siswa, maka, guru akan mengambil tindakan yang tepat sesuai dengan apa yang diperlukan siswa.
c. Guru sebagai mediator antara siswa dengan guru pembimbing.
d. Guru sebagai motivator.
e. Guru sebagai kolaborator konselor di sekolah.
BAB 4
PEMBAHASAN
- Bagaimana pelaksanaa Bimbingan dan Konseling di SMA Negeri 1 Sale?
Secara umum pelaksanaan bimbingan dan konseling di SMA N 1 Sale masih harus ditingkatkan dalam berbagai aspek. Aspek-aspek tersebut antara lain:
- Dalam menangani masalah siswa
Masalah yang ada di kalangan siswa SMA N 1 Sale sangat bervariasi. Mulai dari masalah remaja, masalah ekonomi, masalah minat belajar dan masalah keluarga.
Pertama, masalah remaja yang meliputi masalah dengan teman sebaya dan masalah percintaan. BK di SMA N 1 Sale dalam hal ini diharapkan untuk lebih bisa menjemput bola, dalam arti mencari informasi dari keadaan siswa sedini mungkin tanpa menunggu adanya laporan. Jadi, dengan BK mendekati siswa, bersikap sebagai guru sekaligus sahabat bagi siswa, siswa mempunyai rasa sukarela untuk mencurahkan isi hatinya. Salah satu asas BK adalah asas sukarela, maka tanpa salah satu asas dari keduabelas asas BK, pelaksanaan BK tidak akan bisa optimal. Hal ini juga dikarenakan BK masih kurang mendekatkan diri dengan siswa, sehingga yang terjadi adalah kesenjangan antara siswa dengan guru. Jadi, apabila BK tidak memfungsikan dirinya sebagai teman sekaligus guru di sekolah, siswa akan merasa takut untuk meminta layanan konsultasi kepada guru BK, seperti ada rasa canggung dan tidak percaya bahwa BK akan menyimpan rahasia tentang masalah yang dikonsultasikan. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh, BK SMA N 1 Sale tidak memenuhi asas kerahasiaan karena pernah terjadi kasus siswa diketahui oleh guru lainnya dan siswa yang diperbincangkan tersebut mengetahuinya secara langsung. Mulai dari saat itu siswa semakin jarang berkonsultasi dengan guru BK. Maka, asas kerahasiaan ini harus dipulihkan dengan cara memberi pemahaman pada siswa bahwa BK mampu menjaga kerahasiaan masalah siswa. Tentu saja hal itu harus benar-benar dilaksanakan.
Kemudian dalam mengatasi masalah siswa yang lain, contohnya masalah perseteruan antar siswa, BK harus membina kerjasama yang efektif dengan guru mapel, wali kelas, staff, dan orangtua siswa agar hasil BK lebih optimal. Perseteruan antar siswa harus dicegah sedini mungkin karena pengaruhnya akan sangat besar terhadap proses belajar siswa. Siswa akan menjadi malas untuk datang ke sekolah dan memikirkan pelajaran karena berseteru dengan teman yang lain. Dan apabila hal ini dibiarkan berlarut-larut tentu saja akan semakin tidak baik untuk mereka yang berseteru, teman-temannya, dan pihak lain. Untuk itu BK diharapkan lebih peka terhadap hal-hal seperti ini. Tentu tidak mudah karena adanya kendala kurangnya personil BK itu sendiri, Namun, ada solusi lain yang memungkinkan itu terjadi. Untuk melaksanakan hal ini, jumlah jam pertemuan BK di kelas dengan siswa harus diperbanyak, karena di SMA N 1 Sale jam BK sangat kurang, apalagi sekarang jam BK di kelas sepuluh dan sebelas yang dulu adalah pelaksanaan dari mata pelajaran Pengembangan Diri diisi dengan mata pelajaran lain. Apabila siswa jarang bertatap muka dengan BK maka akan timbul perasaan canggung apabila harus berkonsultasi dengan BK. Oleh sebab itu, kedekatan BK dengan seluruh siswa sangat penting.
Selanjutnya, masalah ekonomi yang timbul di kalangan siswa SMA N 1 Sale adalah tentang pembayaran uang pendidikan setiap bulan dan ketidakmampuan siswa dalam membayar uang pendidikan setiap bulan. Banyak sekali siswa yang menunda pembayaran dikarenakan alasan yang kurang logis. Akan tetapi, pembayaran yang ditunda tersebut mereka lunasi di bulan-bulan sebelum tes semester atau tengah semester diselenggarakan. Hal ini mungkin dikarenakan oleh kesadaran siswa yang kurang. Selain masalah itu, ada pula siswa berprestasi dan mempunyai minat belajar tinggi, akan tetapi tidak mempunyai biaya untuk pembayaran uang pendidikan setiap bulan. Dalam konteks seperti ini BK memberikan informasi dan bantuan untuk mendapatkan beasiswa bagi siswa-siswa yang berprestasi, dan diutamakan bagi yang tidak mampu. Biasanya untuk memastikan kebenaran pernyataan siswa, BK melaksanakan kunjungan rumah bagi siswa calon penerima beasiswa tersebut, karena ditakutkan siswa membuat pernyataan palsu untuk mendapatkan beasiswa tersebut.
Adapun berbagai macam beasiswa yang disediakan, antara lain:
3. BKKM: Bantuan Khusus Keluarga Miskin, beasiswa ini tetap diprioritaskan bagi siswa yang tidak mampu.
4. Beasiswa Prestasi, dan lain-lain.
Siswa yang berhak dan memenuhi syarat untuk mendapatkannya akan diseleksi oleh guru BK. Dalam hal ini peran wali kelas, staff, guru mapel, dan lain-lain juga sangat membantu dalam pemberian beasiswa, apakah siswa benar-benar berhak menerima beasiswa tersebut atau tidak.
Selanjutnya, dalam menangani minat belajar siswa yang rendah, BK harus memberikan pengertian-pengertian pada siswa tentang motivasi-motivasi belajar dan kiat belajar yang efektif. Banyak sekali kasus-kasus tentang rendahnya minat belajar siswa SMA N 1 Sale, khususnya anak laki-laki. Mulai dari bolos, pemalakan, baik yang terjadi dengan tertutup maupun terang-terangan, keterlambatan, ketidaktertiban seragam, dan kurangnya minat dalam mengikuti mata pelajaran di kelas. Belum ada keterangan dari pihak sekolah mengapa kenakalan-kenakalan ini didominasi oleh siswa laki-laki. Sebagian besar siswa perempuan mempunyai minat belajar yang lebih tinggi dari siswa laki-laki. Bahkan, dalam hal ketidaktertiban seragam, beberapa siswa laki-laki membawa dua celana yang berbeda. Celana yang dipakai biasanya adalah yang tidak memenuhi aturan, sedangkan yang dipersiapkan di tas adalah celana yang memenuhi aturan dan dipakai saat ada operasi penertiban seragam. Selama ini, menurut penjelasan kepala sekolah SMA N 1 Sale, kasus-kasus kenakalan siswa tersebut diatasi oleh BK dengan cara bekerjasama dengan bagian kesiswaaan melalui sistem skorisasi. Namun apabila sistem tersebut masih tidak bisa menghentikan atau sekedar mengurangi kenakalan siswa, orang tua siswa akan dihubungi dan diperingatkan bahwa anaknya telah melanggar tata tertib sekolah dan sebagainya. Peringatan dilakukan bertingkat, pertama sekedar pemberitahuan, kedua adalah peringatan lebih keras, dan terakhir adalah penyerahan siswa kembali ke orang tuanya apabila siswa sudah benar-benar tidak bisa diperingatkan lagi.
Yang terakhir adalah masalah tentang keluarga. Salah satu narasumber memberikan keterangan bahwa perhatian dari orang tua sangat berpengaruh pada minat belajar. Menurut data yang diperoleh, ada salah satu siswa laki-laki yang sering tertidur pada saat pelajaran. Kemudian wali kelas dari anak tersebut bertanya pada anak tersebut, mengapa sering tertidur dikelas? Apakah dia terlalu capek, atau memang tidak tidur. Ternyata anak tersebut setiap malam tidur terlalu larut karena keluar malam, karena orang tuanya tidak mempedulikannya. Dalam konteks seperti ini, BK harus bisa membantu memberi suatu motivasi bagi siswa tersebut, dan ikut membantu mencari suatu solusi dari permasalahan seperti ini. Siswa yang seperti itu diberikan pemahaman bahwa sekolah yang ia jalani sekarang ini sangat penting dan ia harus bersungguh-sungguh dalam menjalaninya. Atau bisa juga BK melakukan kunjungan rumah untuk bekerjasama dengan orang tua terkait kasus yang terjadi pada anaknya.
BK pada awal siswa masuk, yaitu pada saat MOS, telah memberikan pengertian dan penjelasan bahwa siswa bisa menceritakan masalahnya pada BK, guru mapel, ataupun wali kelas. Hal ini dimaksudkan agar tidak ada masalah yang besar timbul di kalangan siswa dan mengganggu kelancaran proses belajar di sekolah.
Selain hal-hal di atas, BK hendaknya selalu menjaga hubungan baik dengan orangtua siswa, agar apa yang menjadi masalah siswa dirumah juga dapat terpecahkan dengan bantuan BK agar tugas perkmbangan siswa sebagai remaja terpenuhi. Disebutkan di bab 3, bahwa tujuan BK adalah memenuhi tugas pekembangan siswa untuk bisa memecahkan masalahnya sendiri seiring kedewasaannya. Bagaimanapun juga orang tua tahu apa yang anaknya rasakan, jadi disekolah, BK yang menangani siswa. Hal ini sesuai dengan fungsi pengentasan.
- Dalam segi pelayanan
BK di SMA N 1 Sale dalam segi kuantitas bisa dibilang masih kurang, karena jumlahnya hanya ada dua orang guru BK. Dibandingkan dengan jumlah siswa, jumlah ini masih kurang ideal, karena satu guru maksimal mengampu 150 siswa. Jadi akibatnya adalah pelayanan yang kurang kepada siswa. Apalagi, di SMA N 1 Sale, salah satu guru BK mengampu tugas lain yaitu sebagai perawat komputer sekolah yang jumlahnya tidak sedikit dan kerusakannya pun sering dan bervariasi. Maka yang terjadi adalah kurangnya jam pertemuan beliau di kelas. Sedangkan satu guru lainnya, masih muda dan tergolong baru. Tentu saja pengalaman mempengaruhi kinerja beliau. Bukan hanya ilmu pengetahuan atau teori saja, tetapi pengalaman juga membuat suatu pola mengajar seorang guru. Dan inilah yang terjadi pada saat ini di SMA N 1 Sale menurut data yang terkumpul.
Sedangkan para guru mata pelajaran dan wali kelas, pelayanan BK tergolong baik. Secara umum mereka bisa jemput bola, yaitu mencegah ataupun membantu memecahkan masalah-masalah siswa. Mulai dari wali kelas, mereka bisa bersikap sebagai orang tua siswa di sekolah, yaitu memahami siswa, mendekati siswa, sehingga siswa tidak enggan untuk mencurahkan isi hatinya atau menceritakan masalah yang sedang mereka hadapi. Tidak hanya masalah sekolah saja akan tetapi masalah pribadi yang mempengaruhi belajar siswa di sekolah juga dapat dipecahkan bersama-sama dengan wali kelas yang siap membantu.
Untuk guru mata pelajaran, pelayanan bimbingan yang mereka lakukan juga dapat dikatakan baik, karena menurut data yang diperoleh, layanan bimbingan telah dilaksanakan dengan baik, baik itu dari inisiatif siswa maupun guru itu sendiri. Hal ini dikarenakan siswa dan guru mata pelajaran mempunyai intensitas bertemu lebih tinggi, khususnya guru mata pelajaran Bahasa Inggris dan Bahasa Indonesia. Oleh sebab itu, siswa merasa tidak ragu untuk meminta bimbingan kepada guru tersebut yang hampir setiap hari bertemu dengannya.
Begitu pula dengan kepala sekolah dan wakil kepala sekolah, pelayanan bimbingan yang diberikan sudah sangat baik. Keduanya sangat mengerti tentang fungsi masing-masing dan dijalankan dengan baik pula. Kepala sekolah SMA N 1 Sale selain sebagai kepala sekolah juga mengampu pelajaran Bahasa Inggris, jadi antara siswa dan kepala sekolah dalam hal ini mempunyai intensitas bertemu yang tinggi pula. Hal ini mempengaruhi kualitas pelayanan bimbingan, dan kulitas tersebut baik. Bagitu pua dengan wakil kepala sekolah di bidang kurikulum yang sekaligus mengampu mata pelajaran penjaskes, layanan bimbingan yang beliau berikan kepada siswa sangat baik.
Sedangkan dari pihak staff sekolah, khususnya TU, layannan bimbingan yang diberikan pada siswa dapat dikatakan kurang. Hal ini bukan dikarenakan oleh personalitasnya yang kurang mampu memberikan bimbingan, akan tetapi dari segi kedekatan dengan siswa. Siswa hanya menemui TU hanya saat membayar uang pembayaran setiap bulan, atau jika mereka meminta fasilitas seperti mengisis ulang spidol, meminta penghapus, dan lain-lain. Jadi antara TU dan siswa tidak ada kesempatan untuk berbincang-bincang seperti pada guru mata pelajaran, wali kelas, kepala sekolah, dan wakil kepala sekolah. Akan tetapi TU sesekali juga pernah memberi layanan bimbingan pada beberapa siswa dalam kondisi tidak formal menurut data yang diperoleh. Contohnya adalah memberi dukungan pada siswa yang mengikuti lomba, dan memberi teguran pada siswa yang bertindak tidak benar.
Menurut data yang diperoleh, secara teknis, program BK sudah dilaksanakan dan dieksplisitkan dalam rapat tahunan sekolah, namun program BK kurang disosialisasikan dengan baik kepada masing-masing personil sekolah. Akibatnya adalah kurang pahamnya personil sekolah tentang fungsi dan tugas masing-masing dalam pelaksanaan BK di sekolah. Ada guru yang ingin ikut mengatasi atau membantu memecahkan masalah akan tetapi tetapi merasa takut karena tidak tahu bagaimana sistematikanya. Ada pula yang tidak peduli akan masalah siswa karena merasa hal itu bukan wewenangnya. Menurut data, BK sudah mensosialisasikan program BK, akan tetapi pada pelaksanaannya adalah kurang tepat sasaran. Hal ini perlu ditingkatkan agar seluruh personel tahu akan tugas mereka masing-masing dalam pelaksanaan BK di sekolah. Akan tetapi, pada dasarnya, peranan guru di SMA N 1 Sale sudah memenuhi tugas peranan guru secara umum, antara lain sebagai:
f. informator, yaitu menginformasikan berbagai hal tentang layanan bimbingan dan konseling kepada siswa.
g. fasilitator, yaitu memahami kemampuan belajar siswa, maka, guru akan mengambil tindakan yang tepat sesuai dengan apa yang diperlukan siswa.
h. mediator antara siswa dengan guru pembimbing.
i. motivator, jelas, bahwa dalam mengajar guru tidak hanya menyampaikan materi pelajaran, tetapi juga memotivasi siswa dalam meningkatkan belajarnya, dalam menghadapi ujian, menyiapkan masa depan, menghadapi masalah, dan lain-lain.
j. kolaborator konselor. Konselor di sekolah akan sulit untuk bisa mengatasi masalah siswa, karena dalam mendapatkan informasi, konselor juga memerlukan bantuan dari pihak lain, contohnya guru. Begitu pula guru, mereka tidak bisa sekaigus menjalankan dua profesi sekaligus karena keterbatasan waktu dan tenaga. Semua tugas masing-masing sudah dibagi secara jelas dan adil, jadi yang dibutuhkan diantara mereka adalah kolaborasi yang seimbang demi terlaksananya program BK di sekolah.
Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa sebenarnya para guru sudah dapat mengimplementasikan ilmu yang mereka dapat, namun kendala satu-satunya adalah kurangnya sosialisasi BK kepada mereka. Sejauh ini, peran mereka sudah terlaksana dengan baik, jadi apabila sudah sangat baik sistematikanya, maka hasil yang akan dicapai pasti juga luar biasa.
- Bagaimana upaya personil sekolah dalam mengembangkan potensi siswa di SMA Negeri 1 Sale?
Upaya personil sekolah dalam mendukung potensi siswa sudah baik, akan tetapi masih kurang dalam segi penyediaan fasilitas. Siswa SMA N 1 Sale mempunyai potensi yang baik, baik dalam bidang akademik maupun olahraga. Dalam bidang akademik, baru saja saja satu siswa SMA N 1 Sale mengikuti olimpiade ekonomi di tingkat Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Pada tahun-tahun sebelumnya, beberapa siswa juga mewakili Kabupaten Rembang di tingkat Provinsi Jawa Tengah dalam mata pelajaran fisika, menurut data pribadi. Hal ini tidak hanya satu atau dua kali, akan tetapi sudah sering. Begitu pula dengan mata pelajaran lain. Siswa SMA N 1 Sale hampir selalu mengikuti lomba baik dalam lingkup kabupaten, karesidenan, maupun provinsi, dan hasilnya tidak mengecewakan, gelar juara atau harapan hampir selalu diraih oleh siswa SMA N 1 Sale. Upaya-upaya personil sekolah diwujudkan melalui penyediaan fasilitas dan pengadaan bimbingan dan latihan.
Untuk bola voly, sekolah mengadakan ekstrakurikuler bola voly bagi siswa yang berminat. Ekstrakurikuler ini dilatih oleh guru olahraga, dan sesekali didatangkan lawan dari sekolah lain dalam rangka berlatih bersama dalam pertandingan persahabatan. Sekolah juga memberikan beasiswa bagi siswa siswa yang berprestasi dalam olahraga dan mengharumkan nama sekolah tersebut. Di Kabupaten Rembang, tim bola voly putri SMA N 1 Sale sampai saat ini selalu mendapat gelar juara dalam berbagai event. Oleh sebab itu, dukungan dari personil sekolah juga terus diberikan kepada mereka, menurut data yang diperoleh.
Sedangkan dalam mendukung potensi siswa dalam bidang akademik, sekolah menyediakan fasilitas yang cukup lengkap bagi siswa. Khusus bagi siswa yang berprestasi, peminjaman buku perpustakaan yang seharusnya dikembalikan dalam waktu seminggu, dapat dipinjam secara permanen. Hal ini dilakukan untuk mendukung belajar siswa agar dalam lomba mereka dapat meraih hasil yang optimal. Bagi siswa yang berprestasi namun tidak mampu, sekolah mendukung potensinya dengan cara menyediakan beasiswa seperti dibawah ini:
-BKKM, yaitu beasiswa bagi siswa yang tidak mampu.
-Beasiswa Prestasi
-dan lain-lain.
Sedangkan dalam mendukung potensi lain, yaitu keterampilan siswa, sekolah mengadakan ekstrakurikuler:
1. Perbengkelan
2. Menjahit
3. Perakitan komputer
4. Pertukangan
5. Karya Ilmiah Remaja
Ekstrakurikuler-ekstrakurikuler tersebut diatas diadakan karena sesuai dengan peluang-peluang yang ada di daerah setempat, yaitu di Kecamatan Sale Kabupaten Rembang. Menurut penjelasan dari beberapa narasumber, ekstrakurikuler diatas sampai saat ini masih berjalan dengan lancar dan fasilitasnya semakin hari semakin dilegkapi.
Dalam hal ini, BK memberikan penjelasan pada siswa tentang peluang-peluang yang ada di Kecamatan Sale, sekaligus menanamkan jiwa kewirausahaan. Hal ini sesuai dengan asas kemandirian, sekaligus BK melaksanakan fungsi pemeliharaan dan pengembangan. Jadi disini, BK juga mendukung minat dan bakat siswa agar mereka dapat mempersiapkan masa depan yang cemerlang apabila harus berwirausaha. Hal ini untuk mengantisipasi apabila siswa tidak bisa melanjutkan sekolah ke jenjang yang lebih tinggi atau masuk ke perguruan tinggi. Bagi siswa SMA N 1 Sale, memang pola pikirnya masih sangat berbeda dengan siswa-siswa lain seperti di kota-kota besar contohnya Semarang, dan lain-lain. Siswa SMA N 1 Sale dapat dikatakan hanya sebagian kecil yang berminat melanjutkan ke jenjang yang lebih tinggi. Hal ini pun terwujud apabila ekonomi keluarganya mendukung. Sedangkan yang lainnya hanyalah mengharapkan peluang kerja datang kepadanya, atau pilihan kedua adalah pergi ke kota-kota besar seperti Jakarta, Surabaya, Semarang, dan lain-lain untuk mencari pekerjaan. Jadi, guru BK dan guru-guru serta personil sekolah lainnya di SMA N 1 Sale selama ini juga selalu memberi motivasi kepada siswa agar mempunyai keinginan untuk melanjutkan ke jenjang yang lebih tinggi. Namun apabila tidak bisa, BK bersama sekolah telah menyediakan kursus-kursus seperti yang disebutkan di atas untuk mempersiapkan skill atau keahllian siswa di bidang yang lain agar sebisa mungkin mereka tidak menganggur setelah SMA. Hal ini merupakan bentuk antisipasi yang sangat baik dan merupakan langkah yang sangat bijaksana dalam pengadaan kursus-kursus terrsebut. Selain mengantisipasi siswa agar tidak menganggur, ekstrakurikuler-ekstrakurikuler tersebut juga dapat digunakan sebagai sarana untuk membibing siswa agar dapat menciptakan lapangan kerja baru bagi orang-orang disekitarnya. Selain itu, apabila siswa kuliah pun, keahlian ini dapat dijadikan sebagai pekerjaan sampingan untuk memenuhi biaya kuliah selain uang dari orangtua masing-masing. Hal ini sangat baik karena di jenjang perguruan tinggi pun sekarang sedang gencar diadakan seminar tentang kewirausahaan yang intinya adalah mengantisipasi pengangguran di Indonesia. Hal ini disebabkan oleh jumlah lulusan calon guru, bidan, dan lain-lain melebihi dari quota yang dibutuhkan saat ini. Jadi, merupakan langkah yang bijaksana bagi sekolah, pemerintah, dan siswa pada khususnya untuk mempersiapkan diri dalam berwirausaha, apabila tidak dapat menjadi pegawai negeri seperti rencana awal.
Karya ilmiah remaja, juga masuk dalam ekstrakurikuler yang ada di SMA N 1 Sale. Karya Ilmiah Remaja yang telah berjalan tergolong bagus dan sering mengikuti lomba-lomba di tingkat kabupaten. Dalam pembuatan karya ilmiah ini siswa belajar banyak hal yang sangat berguna bagi masa depan mereka. Hal pertama yang mereka pelajari adalah bagaimana menganalisa suatu hal secara kreatif dan memunculkan suatu manfaat bagi manusia, baik itu dalam bentuk penemuan, inovasi, dan lain-lain. Hal kedua yang bisa mereka pelajari adalah tentang penulisan karya ilmiah itu sendiri, yaitu bagaimana cara menulis suatu tulisan yang baku dengan baik dan benar. Hal ini sangat mendukung kemampuan siswa dalam menulis di mata pelajaran Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia. Peserta dari ekstrakurikuler ini memang masih sedikit, dan sebagian besar adalah siswa-siswa dari jurusan IPA. Karya Ilmiah Remaja ini akan sangat berguna pula bagi siswa yang melanjutkan pendidikannya ke jenjang yang lebih tinggi yaitu di perguruan tinggi karena di perguruan tinggi juga ada ajang untuk membuat karya ilmiah yang jenjangnya lebih tinggi dan jangkauan lombanya lebih luas, yaitu mencapai antar universitas se-Indonesia. Jadi, dengan mengikuti ekstrakurikuler karya ilmiah remaja mulai dari tingkat SMA, siswa mendapatkan berbagai macam manfaat yang sangat berguna.
BAB 5
PENUTUP
- Simpulan
Pelaksanaan BK di SMA N 1 Sale sudah dapat dikatakan baik, akan tetapi masih perlu ditingkatkan dalam berbagai aspek, yaitu
- Segi pemecahan masalah siswa
- Segi pelayanan terhadap siswa
Kendala yang BK hadapi dalam peaksanaan program BK adalah kurangnya guru BK, dan jam pertemuan antara BK dan siswa yang juga terbatas karena beberapa hal:
1. Salah satu guru BK mengampu tugas lain yang mendesak.
2. Jam mata pelajaran pengembangan diri yang dulu diisi oleh BK sekarang diisi oleh mata pelajaran lain.
Akan tetapi hal ini bukan semata-mata bukan kekurangan dari BK saja, tetapi dikarenakan masalah siswa yang sangat bervariasi. Guru mata pelajaran, wali kelas, dan kepala sekolah juga turut membantu dalam memecahkan masalah-masalah siswa. Akan tetapi karena kurangnya sosialisasi dari BK tentang program BK, personil sekolah yang lain kurang bisa berfungsi secara optimal.
Dalam pelaksanaan layanan, yang terpenting adalah kedekatan personil sekolah dengan siswa, karena siswa tidak berani untuk berkonsultasi tentang masalahnya apabila merasa tidak kenal dengan guru tersebut.
Dalam mendukung potensi-potensi siswa, SMA N 1 Sale mendukung siswa dengan cara menyediakan fasilitas, bimbingan dan pelatihan, dan menyediakan kursus-kursus untuk menyiapkan masa depan siswa sekaligus mengantisipasi apabila siswa kelak siswa tidak dapat menjadi pegawai negeri. Maksud lain dari penyediaan kursus-kursus ini adalah mengurangi jumlah pengangguran di Indonesia yang semaikn hari semakin meningkat.
Jadi, pada intinya, pelaksanaan BK di SMA N 1 Sale bagus dalam fungsi pemeliharaan dan pengembangan. Akan tetapi, pelaksanaan fungsi-fungsi lainnya masih kurang optimal.
- Rekomendasi
1. Hendaknya di rekrut seorang guru BK lagi untuk mewujudkan pelaksanaan program BK dengan optimal, karena jumlah siswa dan guru BK yang menagani kurang seimbang pada saat ini di SMA N 1 Sale.
2. Alangkah baiknya program BK di SMA N 1 Sale disosialisasikan dengan menyeluruh kepada semua personil sekolah agar personil-personil tersebut dapat berpartisipasi aktif dalam pelaksanaan program BK.
3. Pengadaan kursus-kursus yang ada di SMA N 1 Sale sudah sangat baik, hendaknya lebih ditingkatkan lagi tahun demi tahun karena hasilnya akan sangat bagus bagi siswa.
4. Potensi siswa SMA N 1 Sale dalam bidang olahraga sangat baik dan harus ditingkatkan.
5. Pada intinya, pelaksanaan keseluruhan asas dari Bimbingan dan Konseling harus dilaksanakan dengan baik, begitu juga dengan BK di SMA N 1 Sale.
6. Dalam bidang akademik, siswa akan dapat lebih optimal apabila internet yang disediakan lebih banyak dan dapat dipergunakan oleh siswa secara mudah tetapi terkontrol untuk kepentingan belajar.
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